Table 1 Study characteristics
Study | STEPS-UP | DESTRESS-PC | CALM | PE-PC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | US | US | US | US |
Setting | 18 Army primary care clinics | Dep. Defense and Veterans Affairs primary care clinics | 17 primary care clinics | two military treatment facilities |
Population | active duty US military members with PTSD and/or depression | recently deployed military service members/ veterans with PTSD | primary care patients with PD, GAD, SAD, PTSD or all 4 | active duty military service members with (subthreshold) PTSD |
Male gender No. (%) | 539 (80.9%) male a | 65 (81.3%) male | 290 (28.9%) male b | 50 (75%) male |
Age in years | 31.2a | 36.5 | 43.5 b | 40 |
Sample size IG/CG No. | 285/281c | 43/37 | 33/28 d | 34/33 |
Psychological intervention | Online/ telephone delivered CBT-based therapies; other evidence based psychotherapies | CBT based nurse-assisted, online self-management tool | computerized CBT program tailored to the 4 specific anxiety disorders | brief Prolonged Exposure for Primary Care |
Involved providers | CM, PCP, MHS | CM, PCP, MHS | CM, PCP, MHS | PCP, MHS |
PTSD diagnosis instrument | PTSD Checklist- Civilian version (PCL-C) | Clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS) | Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview | PTSD Checklist-Stressor Specific version (PCL-S) |
PCL-C at baseline, IG/CG, mean (SD) | 58.5 (11.1)/57.7 (10.8) a | 55.16 (10.89)/ 58.56 (10.01) | 57.15 (12.56) d/ 56.90 (12.57)d | 49,8 (12,8)/52,2 (14,1)e |
Psychiatric comorbidity outcome measures | SCL-20 (depression), AUDIT (alcohol consumption), PHQ-15 (somatic disorder), BPI (pain) | PHQ-8 (depression), PHQ-15 (somatic disorder) | GADSS (GAD), PDSS-SR (PD), SPIN (SAD), PHQ-8 (depression), BSI (somatization and anxiety) | PHQ-9, BHM |