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Table 4 Logistic regression analysis for guideline recommended and guideline adherent antibiotic prescriptions in uUTI

From: Treatment of urinary tract infections in Swiss primary care: quality and determinants of antibiotic prescribing

 

Guideline recommendedatherapy

 

Guideline adherentbtherapy

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysisN = 1002, GP = 145, ICC = 0.29

 

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysisN = 1095, GP = 154, ICC = 0.31

GP characteristics

N, GP

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

N, GP

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Sex of GP = female

1067, 156

1.28 (0.67, 2.42)

0.458

  

1155, 161

1.22 (0.64, 2.34)

0.549

  

 Age of GP

1023, 150

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.003

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

0.010

1107, 155

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.005

0.96 (0.92, 0.99)

0.012

Years of GP experience in practice

991, 146

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

0.023

  

1066,150

0.96 (0.94, 0.996)

0.028

  

Practice type (ref = Single)

1052, 154

         

 Double

 

2.06 (0.93, 4.54)

0.073

  

1139, 159

2.13 (0.96, 4.75)

0.064

  

 Group

 

2.00 (1.02, 3.90)

0.044

   

1.93 (0.98, 3.81)

0.059

  

Work-time % (ref = < 60%)

 61–80%

1046, 153

1.05 (0.44, 2.51)

0.919

  

1133, 158

1.06 (0.44, 2.57)

0.894

  

 81–100%

 

0.43 (0.21, 0.90)

0.026

   

0.44 (0.21, 0.92)

0.029

  

Affiliated to a medical network

1052, 154

1.16 (0.62, 2.17)

0.633

  

1139, 159

1.10 (0.58, 2.06)

0.772

  

Language of GP (ref = German)

          

 Latin

1067, 156

1.18 (0.50, 2.78)

0.703

  

1155, 161

1.10 (0.46, 2.63)

0.823

  

Location of GPc (ref = Other regions)

Region lemanique

1067, 156

2.58 (0.78, 8.54)

0.120

2.30 (0.71, 7.43)

0.165

1155,161

2.50 (0.74, 8.39)

0.139

2.29 (0.69, 7.57)

0.176

 Ticino

 

0.34 (0.06, 1.98)

0.228

–

  

0.32 (0.05, 1.93)

0.214

0.36 (0.06, 2.06)

0.249

 Zürich

 

2.65 (1.08, 6.51)

0.033

2.19 (0.87, 5.48)

0.095

 

2.78 (1.13, 6.85)

0.026

2.33 (0.92, 5.92)

0.074

Patient characteristics

N

    

N

    

 Previous urinary tract infection

1114

1.22 (0.79, 1.84)

0.362

  

1202

1.22 (0.79, 1.83)

0.361

  

 Antibiotics in the last 3 months

1112

0.75 (0.53, 1.09)

0.125

  

1198

0.74 (0.52, 1.07)

0.101

0.71 (0.46, 1.10)

0.123

 Treatment in the last 6 months

1117

0.84 (0.51, 1.46)

0.518

  

1204

0.83 (0.51, 1.44)

0.498

  

Travel history within the last 12 months

1100

1.59 (1.14, 2.22)

0.006

1.30 (0.88, 1.93)

0.187

1187

1.59 (1.15, 2.21)

0.005

  

 Travel within Europe

1100

1.64 (1.17, 2.29)

0.004

  

1187

1.62 (1.17, 2.26)

0.004

  

 Travel to Asia

1100

0.84 (0.47, 1.64)

0.591

  

1187

0.93 (0.52, 1.80)

0.826

  

 Travel to Africa

1100

2.07 (0.73, 8.66)

0.232

  

1187

2.31 (0.83, 9.6)

0.167

  

 Travel to Nord-America

1100

1.41 (0.60, 4.15)

0.473

  

1187

1.37 (0.58, 4.00)

0.516

  

Travel to South-America

1100

0.80 (0.35, 2.17)

0.626

  

1187

0.73 (0.32, 1.99)

0.502

  

Initial encounter not because symptoms suspicious for an UTI

1115

1.23 (0.65, 2.59)

0.554

  

1202

1.36 (0.72, 2.85)

0.369

  
  1. aTreatment with fosfomycin, TMP-SMX, or nitrofurantoin were rated as guideline recommended
  2. bThis group consists all patients with a recommended treatment or standby treatment, delayed prescriptions, withholding antibiotic treatment, or symptomatic therapy
  3. cLocations of GP different from Zürich, Region lemanique and Ticino was grouped into “Other regions” and defined as the reference category
  4. n number of patients; ref. reference, GP general practitioner: ICC Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; OR odds ratio; CI confidence intervals; TMP/SMX trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole
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