| Pain and disability |
| Oswestry Disability Index, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-up Roland Morris disability questionnaire, change from baseline to 12-month follow-up |
| PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) (short form 20a), change from baseline to 3-month follow-up |
| Frequency of LBP during last 3 months, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups |
| LBP intensity (0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS)) during last week, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups |
| Leg pain intensity (NRS) during last week change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups |
| SBT (STarT Back Tool) change from baseline to 12-month follow-up |
| Health-related quality of life |
| EQ-5D (EuroQol five dimensions) change from baseline to 12-month follow-up |
| Direct costs |
| Physician visits during last year |
| Physiotherapist visits during last year |
| Nurse visits during last year |
| Other health care professional visits (e.g. psychologist) during last year |
| Imaging due to LBP (x-ray/MRI/CT) during last year |
| Pain medication during first year |
| Back surgery rate |
| Indirect costs |
| Days on sick leave during last year (LBP-related and all sick leaves) |
| Disability pensions during first year |
