Pain and disability | |
Oswestry Disability Index, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-up Roland Morris disability questionnaire, change from baseline to 12-month follow-up | |
PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) (short form 20a), change from baseline to 3-month follow-up | |
Frequency of LBP during last 3 months, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups | |
LBP intensity (0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS)) during last week, change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups | |
Leg pain intensity (NRS) during last week change from baseline to 3- and 12-month follow-ups | |
SBT (STarT Back Tool) change from baseline to 12-month follow-up | |
Health-related quality of life | |
EQ-5D (EuroQol five dimensions) change from baseline to 12-month follow-up | |
Direct costs | |
Physician visits during last year | |
Physiotherapist visits during last year | |
Nurse visits during last year | |
Other health care professional visits (e.g. psychologist) during last year | |
Imaging due to LBP (x-ray/MRI/CT) during last year | |
Pain medication during first year | |
Back surgery rate | |
Indirect costs | |
Days on sick leave during last year (LBP-related and all sick leaves) | |
Disability pensions during first year |