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Table 2 Mini Mental State Evaluation results and education level for studies with low Mini Mental State Evaluation results in older people aged 90 and over

From: Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review

Author

(year of study, country)

[references]

Age

(years: n)

[Living in: Home (H) and or Nursing Home (NH)]

Education level

Mini Mental State Evaluationa

Mean (SD)

Cimarolli et al.

(2014, USA) [24]

>  95: 119 [H,NH]

50% elementary school

16.48 (4.03)

Dai et al. (2008, USA) [26]

>  98: 244 [H,NH]

47% secondary school

16.2 (8)

De Rango et al. (2007, Italy) [27]

>  90: 400 [H,NH]

80% elementary school

Women: <  18: 74.6%; 18–23: 21.9%; > 23: 3.5%

Men: <  18: 47.2%; 18–23: 41.7%; > 23: 11.0%

Ji-Rong et al. (2005, China) [35]

>  90: 682 [Not specified]

72% illiterate

15.54 (5.4)

  1. a Mini Mental State Evaluation ranged from 0 to 30 (normal)