Patient-reported GP health assessments rather than individual cardiovascular risk burden are associated with the engagement in lifestyle changes: population-based survey in South Australia

Table 4 Patient self-reported prevalence of health assessments performed by their GP in the last 12 months and engagement in lifestyle changes, stratified according to the presence of self-reported clinical condition. Individuals ≥35 years, South Australia, 2017 (N = 2384)

		Prevalence of clinical condition¹
	Overall %	None (40.7%)	Cardiometabolic risk factor^a (49.1%)	Cardiovascular disease^b (10.2%)	p-value*
		%	%	%
Lifestyle change
Increasing fruit and vegetable intake	33.6	32.4	34.3	35.9	0.361
Increasing physical activity level	40.9	40.6	40.3	45.6	0.353†
Reducing alcohol consumption^c	31.1	28.3	32.9	34.6	0.070
Tried to quit smoking^d	34.0	36.0	32.1	39.9	0.573
Assessments performed by the GP^e
Measured weight and/or waist	46.9	35.8	51.3	64.7	< 0.001
Checked blood pressure	87.9	81.8	92.6	95.5	< 0.001
Tested glycaemia	62.4	50.9	68.7	74.6	< 0.001
Tested lipid levels	66.3	54.4	72.9	79.7	< 0.001
Assessed diet	29.5	17.0	35.4	46.6	< 0.001
Assessed physical activity	32.8	23.5	36.7	45.7	< 0.001
Assessed smoking status	18.5	18.5	17.1	25.8	0.017†
Assessed alcohol intake	20.4	18.6	20.8	25.6	0.070
Assessed mental health status	27.9	25.9	28.0	36.0	0.025
Assessed sleeping problems/snoring	23.0	20.1	23.6	29.5	0.011
No. of assessments – Median [IQR]²	4[2–6]	3.2[1.7–4.8]	4.3[2.8–6.1]	5.0[3.3–6.7]	< 0.001

* Test for trend; † Test for heterogeneity; IQR interquartile range
1 Results adjusted for sociodemographic variables (sex, age, area of residence, marital status, education level, dwelling, socioeconomic position, working status), lifestyle variables (portions of fruit/vegetable per day, days of physical activity, doses of alcohol/day, and cigarettes smoked/day), mental health, number of visits to the GP, hospitalisations, and visits to the emergency room. Maximum likelihood estimates (pseudolikelihood log) values for the full models: increasing fruit and vegetable intake = − 1220.6; increasing physical activity level = − 1271.6; reducing alcohol consumption = − 946.0; tried to quit smoking = −203.6
2 Unadjusted results
^a Including individuals with body mass index ≥30 kg/m², hypertension, diabetes and/or dyslipidaemia, but without cardiovascular diseases
^b Including heart attack, angina, heart failure, and/or stroke (with or without metabolic risk factors)
^c Analyses restricted to individuals that consumed alcohol in the last 12 months (n = 1881)
^d Analyses restricted to individuals that smoked in the last 12 months (n = 409)
^e Analyses restricted to the 2267 individuals that visited the GP in the last 12 months (93.7% of the sample)

ISSN: 2731-4553