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Table 1 Study population characteristics of patients with ARIs based on being prescribed an antibiotica

From: Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in the United States outpatient setting

Characteristic Total n = 461,647,174 (100%)

Prescribed antibiotic n = 67,974,312 (14.7%)

Not prescribed antibiotic n = 393,672,862 (85.3%)

p c

Sex

  

0.0825

 Male n = 181,521,291 (39.3%)

25,543,444 (37.58%)

155,977,847 (39.62%)

 

 Female n = 280,125,884 (60.7%)

42,430,868 (62.42%)

237,695,016 (60.38%)

 

Age (years)

  

0.0647

 Under 10 n = 110,656,003 (23.9%)

14,635,674 (21.53%)

96,020,329 (24.39%)

 

 10–19 n = 56,838,785 (12.3%)

7,772,409 (11.43%)

49,066,377 (12.46%)

 

 20–29 n = 37,182,206 (8.1%)

5,274,446 (7.76%)

31,907,759 (8.11%)

 

 30–39 n = 47,768,926 (10.3%)

7,550,521 (11.11%)

40,218,405 (10.22%)

 

 40–49 n = 51,518,968 (11.2%)

8,492,247 (12.49%)

43,026,721 (10.93%)

 

 50–59 n = 68,657,383 (14.9%))

10,492,186 (15.44%)

58,165,197 (14.78%)

 

 60–69 n = 55,017,935 (11.9)

8,304,438 (12.22%)

46,713,497 (11.87%)

 

 70–79 n = 22,470,007 (4.9%)

3,692,925 (5.43%)

18,777,082 (4.77%)

 

 ≥ 80 n = 11,536,962 (2.5%)

1,759,465 (2.59%)

9,777,496 (2.48%)

 

Race

  

< 0.0001

 White n = 392,701,683 (85.1%)

60,176,049 (88.53%)

332,525,634 (84.47%)

 

 Black n = 34,685,841 (7.5%)

3,965,300 (5.83%)

30,720,541 (7.80%)

 

 Asian n = 15,916,805 (3.4%)

1,630,550 (2.40%)

14,286,255 (3.63%)

 

 Other n = 18,342,845 (4.0%)

2,202,413 (3.24%)

16,140,432 (4.10%)

 

Region

  

0.0042

 Northeast n = 76,084,919 (16.5%)

11,525,183 (16.96%)

64,559,736 (16.40%)

 

 Midwest n = 103,118,002 (22.3%)

17,331,387 (25.50%)

85,786,615 (21.79%)

 

 West n = 84,054,804 (18.2%)

10,403,926 (15.31%)

73,650,879 (18.71%)

 

 South n = 198,177,099 (42.9%)

28,713,816 (42.24%)

169,463,283 (43.05%)

 

Family income

  

0.0413

 $0 - $68,571 n = 231,258,378 (50.1%)

32,547,281 (47.88%)

198,711,097 (50.48%)

 

 ≥ $68,571 n = 230,388,796 (49.9%)

35,427,031 (52.12%)

194,961,766 (49.52%)

 

Insurance coverage

  

0.0030

 Any private n = 343,417,418 (74.4%)

53,106,220 (78.13%)

290,311,198 (73.74%)

 

 Public only n = 100,535,778 (21.8%)

12,460,230 (18.33%)

88,075,548 (22.37%)

 

 Uninsured n = 17,693,978 (3.8%)

2,407,861 (3.54%)

15,286,117 (3.88%)

 

Medicare Eligible

  

0.0530

 Yes n = 57,709,393 (12.5%)

9,367,275 (13.78%)

48,342,118 (12.28%)

 

 No n = 403,937,782 (87.5%)

58,607,037 (86.22%)

345,330,745 (85.49%)

 

Comorbidities

  

0.1114

 0 n = 197,076,466 (42.7%)

27,548,817 (40.53%)

169,527,649 (43.06%)

 

 1 n = 91,760,462 (19.9%)

13,417,990 (19.74%)

78,342,471 (19.90%)

 

 2 n = 61,345,949 (13.3%)

9,941,271 (14.63%)

51,404,678 (13.06%)

 

 3 n = 50,259,383 (10.9%)

8,283,590 (12.19%)

41,975,793 (10.66%)

 

 4 n = 28,513,861 (6.2%)

4,156,770 (6.12%)

24,357,091 (6.19%)

 

 5 or more n = 32,691,054 (7.1%)

4,625,874 (6.81%)

28,065,180 (7.13%)

 

SF-12 (only ≥ 18 years old)

  

0.0009

 Below average n = 167,250,051 (36.2%)

17,033,112 (25.06%)

103,297,923 (26.24%)

 

 Average n = 21,250,631 (4.6%)

24,397,901 (35.89%)

154,427,749 (39.23%)

 

 Above average n = 162,490,490 (35.2%)

26,543,299 (39.05%)

135,947,191 (34.53%)

 

Prescriber type

  

< 0.0001

 APP n = 40,158,044 (8.7%)

3,950,115 (5.81%)

36,207,929 (9.20%)

 

 MD n = 421,489,131 (91.3%)

64,024,197 (94.19%)

357,464,934 (90.08%)

 

Race same as provider

  

< 0.0001

 Yes n = 202,777,280 (43.9%)

51,003,278 (75.03%)

151,774,002 (38.55%)

 

 No n = 258,869,894 (56.1%)

16,971,034 (24.97%)

241,898,861 (61.45%)

 

 White n = 192,129,340 (41.6%)d

49,216,309 (72.4%)

8,034,694 (2.0%)

 

 Black n = 4,258,487 (0.92%)d

783,968 (1.2%)

621,015 (0.16%)

 

 Asian n = 6,326,667 (1.4%)d

997,969 (1.5%)

961,236 (0.24%)

 

 Not concordant n = 258,869,894 (56.1%)d

16,971,034 (24.97%)

241,898,861 (61.45%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: ARI acute respiratory tract infection, PA physician assistant, NP nurse practitioner, MD physician, SF-12 short form-12
  2. a All data presented as both weighted frequency (n) and proportions of patients (%)
  3. b Comorbidities include: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, angina, joint pain, high blood pressure, arthritis, emphysema, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, cancer, asthma, history of stroke, history of heart attack, and other heart disease
  4. c p-value represents results of χ2 for categorical values and t-test for continuous variables
  5. d Percentages do not sum to 100 as the ‘other’ category was too small to include