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Table 3 Healthcare utilization patients in 2013 and one-year all-cause mortality (k = 6)

From: Identifying heterogeneous health profiles of primary care utilizers and their differential healthcare utilization and mortality – a retrospective cohort study

Healthcare utilization / mortality a

Class 1

Relatively healthy

Class 2

Stable metabolic disease

Class 3

Metabolic disease with vascular complications

Class 4

High respiratory disease burden

Class 5

High metabolic disease without complication

Class 6

Metabolic disease with multi-organ complication

Overall

p-value

Number of primary care outpatient clinic visits, (SD)

2.0 (3.9)

5.3 (3.9)

6.0 (5.5)

4.7 (6.0)

6.2 (4.2)

4.9 (7.6)

3.5 (4.4)

< 0.001

Number of outpatient specialist clinic visit, (SD)

1.6 (4.6)

2.7 (5.9)

4.7 (7.8)

3.8 (7.5)

2.6 (5.7)

8.6 (11.9)

2.2 (5.5)

< 0.001

Number of hospital admission, (SD)

0.1 (0.4)

0.1 (0.5)

0.5 (1.1)

0.3 (0.9)

0.1 (0.5)

1.0 (1.7)

0.1 (0.5)

< 0.001

Number of emergency department visits, (SD)

0.1 (0.5)

0.1 (0.6)

0.5 (1.8)

0.6 (2.0)

0.2 (0.6)

1.0 (1.8)

0.1 (0.7)

< 0.001

One-year all-cause mortality

179 (0.3)

207 (0.8)

139 (4.7)

19 (1.7)

125 (1.1)

92 (8.9)

761 (0.8)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation
  2. aKruskal Wallis test or ANOVA test was used to compare healthcare utilization between the 6 classes while Chi-Square test was used to compare the mortality data among the classes