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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study cohort by exposure variable: CHC attendance

From: Iron deficiency among low income Canadian toddlers: a cross-sectional feasibility study in a Community Health Centre and non-Community Health Centre sites

Variable

Total

Attends CHCa

Does not attend CHCa

Total sample

906

31 (3.4)

875 (96.6)

Age (months)

19.5 (12.2, 36.5)

26.2 (12.9, 36.4)

19.2 (12.2, 36.5)

Sex, male

481 (53.1)

14 (45.2)

467 (53.4)

Maternal Ethnicity

 European

623 (68.8)

22 (71.0)

601 (68.7)

 Asian

165 (18.2)

1 (3.2)

164 (18.7)

 African/Caribbean/ Latin American

68 (7.5)

3 (9.7)

65 (7.4)

 Indigenous

4 (0.4)

2 (6.5)

2 (0.2)

 Missing

46 (5.1)

3 (9.7)

43 (4.9)

Child immigration status

 Canadian

858 (94.7)

31 (100)

827 (94.5)

 Landed immigrant

20 (2.2)

0

20 (2.3)

 Missing

28 (3.1)

0

28 (3.2)

Self-report family income

 $0–29,999

54 (6.0)

19 (61.3)

35 (4.0)

 $30,000-79,999

85 (9.4)

6 (19.4)

79 (9.0)

  ≥ $80,000

469 (51.8)

2 (6.5)

467 (53.4)

 Missing

298 (32.9)

4 (12.9)

294 (33.6)

Maternal education

 High school or less

83 (9.2)

20 (64.5)

63 (7.2)

 Post-secondary

603 (66.6)

10 (32.3)

593 (67.8)

 Missing

220 (24.3)

1 (3.2)

219 (25.0)

Daily iron supplementation, yes

35 (3.9)

3 (9.7)

32 (3.7)

 Missing

3 (0.3)

0

3 (0.3)

Daily cow’s milk intake (cups)

2.0 (0, 5)

3.0 (0, 5)

2.0 (0, 5)

Daily cow’s milk intake > 2 cups

278 (30.7)

17 (54.8)

261 (29.8)

 Missing

93 (10.3)

2 (6.5)

91 (10.4)

NutriSTEP® total score

12 (1, 39)

17 (6, 34)

12 (1, 39)

 Missing

208 (23.0)

1 (3.2)

207 (23.7)

BMI

 Underweight (z < −2)

23 (2.5)

2 (6.5)

21 (2.4)

 Healthy weight (− 2 ≥ z ≤ 1)

682 (75.3)

21 (67.7)

661 (75.5)

 At risk overweight (1 > z ≤ 2)

124 (13.7)

5 (16.1)

119 (13.6)

 Overweight (2 < z ≤ 3)

42 (4.6)

3 (9.7)

39 (4.5)

 Obese (z > 3)

4 (0.4)

0

4 (0.5)

 Missing

31 (3.4)

0

31 (3.5)

Breastfeeding duration, mo

11.0 (0, 35.9)

17 (1.9)

2.0 (0, 23.8)

0

11.0 (0, 35.9)

17 (1.9)

Meat/meat alternatives consumption

 More than twice daily

209 (23.1)

5 (16.1)

204 (23.3)

 Twice daily

442 (48.8)

14 (45.2)

428 (48.9)

 Once daily

186 (20.5)

7 (22.6)

179 (20.5)

 A few times weekly

62 (6.8)

2 (6.5)

60 (6.9)

 Not at all

6 (0.7)

2 (6.5)

4 (0.5)

 Missing

1 (0.1)

1 (3.2)

0

CRP (mg/L)

0.3 (0.1, 9.7)

0.5 (0.1, 4.8)

0.3 (0.1, 9.7)

Serum ferritin (μg/L)

25 (2, 202)

28 (4, 202)

25 (2, 159)

Iron deficiency, yes

(serum ferritin < 14 μg/L)

161 (17.8)

3 (9.7)

158 (18.1)

Hemoglobin (g/L)

121.0 (78, 147)

120.5 (99, 140)

121.0 (78, 147)

 Missing

43 (4.8%)

3 (9.7%)

40 (4.6%)

Iron deficiency anemia, yes

(Serum ferritin < 14 μg/L Hb ≤110 g/L)

21 (2.3)

1 (3.2)

20 (2.3)

 Missing

43 (4.8)

3 (9.7)

40 (4.6)

  1. zBMI indicates body mass index z score
  2. aData are presented as n (%) or median (range)