Skip to main content

Table 2 Odds Ratios and 95% CI for Predicting Continuity of Care

From: Interpersonal continuity of primary care of veterans with diabetes: a cohort study using electronic health record data

Effect and Level

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-Value

Patient-level factors

 Male

1.14

(1.05,1.23)

0.002

Age Group

 Less Than 40

Reference

Reference

 

 40 to Less Than 65

1.23

(1.16,1.30)

<.001

 65 to Less Than 80

1.30

(1.23,1.38)

<.001

 0 and Up

1.35

(1.27,1.44)

<.001

Race

 White

Reference

Reference

 

 American Indian

0.98

(0.91,1.05)

0.549

 Asian

0.95

(0.88,1.04)

0.266

 Black

1.02

(0.99,1.04)

0.124

 Native Hawaiian

1.00

(0.95,1.06)

0.956

 Unknown or Missing

1.02

(0.99,1.04)

0.188

 Hispanic

0.96

(0.93,0.99)

0.011

Marital Status

 Currently Married

Reference

Reference

 

 Never Married

0.98

(0.96,1.00)

0.038

 Previously Married

0.97

(0.96,0.98)

<.001

 Unknown Marital Status

0.98

(0.90,1.08)

0.687

 Homeless at Any Time During Year

0.79

(0.75,0.83)

<.001

Copay Status

 Must Pay Copay

Reference

Reference

 

 No Copay Due to Disability

0.98

(0.96,0.99)

0.010

 No Copay Due to Low Income

0.95

(0.94,0.97)

<.001

 Copay Status Unknown

0.93

(0.88,0.99)

0.013

Mental Health Diagnoses

 Mood Disorder

0.97

(0.95,0.98)

<.001

 Substance Abuse

0.94

(0.92,0.96)

<.001

 PTSD

0.99

(0.97,1.01)

0.399

 Dementia

0.94

(0.90,0.97)

<.001

 Other Mental Health Diagnosis

0.99

(0.96,1.02)

0.650

Diagnostic Cost Group (DCG) Score Category

 Less Than or Equal to 0.5

Reference

Reference

 

 Greater Than 0.5 to 1

0.95

(0.93,0.97)

<.001

 Greater Than 1 to 1.5

0.93

(0.91,0.95)

<.001

 Greater Than 1.5 to 2

0.91

(0.89,0.94)

<.001

 Greater Than 2

0.89

(0.86,0.91)

<.001

Distance From VHA Primary Care Clinic

 Less Than 5 Miles

Reference

Reference

 

 5 to Less Than 25 Miles

0.97

(0.95,0.99)

0.001

 25 to Less Than 50 Miles

0.85

(0.83,0.88)

<.001

 50 Miles or Greater

0.62

(0.59,0.65)

<.001

 Missing

1.15

(1.01,1.30)

0.034

Baseline BMI

 Less Than 18.5

Reference

Reference

 

  18.5 to Less Than 25

0.97

(0.86,1.09)

0.611

  25 to Less Than 30

0.98

(0.87,1.10)

0.723

  30 to Less Than 35

0.97

(0.86,1.09)

0.600

  Greater Than or Equal to 35

0.97

(0.86,1.09)

0.599

Number of PC Visits in FY12

  1 Visit

Reference

Reference

 

  2 Visits

1.78

(1.72,1.85)

<.001

  3 Visits

1.25

(1.21,1.30)

<.001

  4 or More Visits

1.23

(1.18,1.29)

<.001

 Patient Had Same Zip Code

2.20

(2.12,2.28)

<.001

Provider-level factors

 Assigned Provider Type in FY12a

  Physician

Reference

Reference

 

  Nurse Practitioner

0.87

(0.78,0.97)

0.011

  Physician Assistant

0.86

(0.73,1.02)

0.081

  Physician Resident

0.18

(0.15,0.21)

<.001

 Provider Turnover

0.09

(0.07,0.11)

<.001

Facility-level factors

 Presence of Endocrinology at Facilityb

1.06

(0.89,1.25)

0.514

Rural Urban Commuting Area Status

  Metropolitan Area Core

Reference

Reference

 

  Other Metropolitan Area

1.07

(0.89,1.28)

0.467

  Micropolitan

0.98

(0.82,1.16)

0.778

  Small Town or Rural

0.81

(0.59,1.11)

0.193

State-level factors

 Percent of Primary Care Physicians Who Work With NPs/PA

  Lowest Tertile

Reference

Reference

 

  Middle Tertile

0.88

(0.72,1.07)

0.204

  Highest Tertile

0.95

(0.74,1.22)

0.684

 Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Regulations

  Least Restrictive

Reference

Reference

 

  Moderately Restrictive

0.92

(0.71,1.20)

0.545

  Most Restrictive

0.79

(0.64,0.97)

0.027

 Physician Assistant Scope of Practice Regulations

  Least Restrictive

Reference

Reference

 

  Moderately Restrictive

1.06

(0.83,1.36)

0.629

  Most Restrictive

1.17

(0.93,1.46)

0.183

Visn-level factors

 Region

  Northeast

Reference

Reference

 

  West

0.85

(0.69,1.03)

0.100

  Midwest

1.34

(1.06,1.70)

0.016

  South

0.87

(0.73,1.04)

0.127

  1. Data for patient-level variables are from the Veterans Administration electronic health record files. Other data sources are described in the Methods section
  2. aPrimary care provider (PCP) is assigned as the physician, NP, or PA seen most during FY 2012 and 2013
  3. bEndocrinology referral capacity is defined as either present (endocrinology or other diabetes mellitus specialty clinics provided 500 or more visits to cohort patients in FY12) or absent (fewer than 500 visits to cohort patients)
Back to article page

BMC Primary Care

ISSN: 2731-4553

Contact us