Table 3 Exploratory factor analysis of the evidence-based medicine questionnaire
Original domains | After EFA was performed | Item No. | Item | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | KMO | AVE (%) | Bartlett’s test | CR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Evidence-based medicine websites (n = 6) | C6 | Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) | 0.605 | – | – | 0.834 | 43.0 | < 0.001 | 0.662 |
C10 | ACP Journal Club | 0.583 | – | – | ||||||
C5 | Database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness (DARE) | 0.550 | – | – | ||||||
C13 | InfoClinics | 0.545 | – | – | ||||||
C2 | Bandolier (published in Oxford) | 0.495 | – | – | ||||||
C14 | Centre of Reviews & Dissertation | 0.477 | – | – | ||||||
Evidence-based journals (n = 2) | C12 | BMJ Clinical Evidence | – | 0.665 | – | 0.500 | 48.9 | < 0.001 | 0.609 | |
C3 | Evidence-Based Medicine (from BMJ publishing group) | – | 0.658 | – | ||||||
Type of studies (n = 4) | K3 | Case-control study | 0.654 | – | – | 0.692 | 49.7 | < 0.001 | 0.685 | |
K4 | Randomized controlled trial | 0.632 | – | – | ||||||
K1 | Systematic review | 0.622 | – | – | ||||||
K2 | Meta-analysis | 0.459 | – | – | ||||||
Terms related to EBM (n = 12) | K13 | Publication bias | – | 0.956 | – | 0.896 | 52.0 | < 0.001 | 0.884 | |
K11 | Confidence interval | – | 0.817 | – | ||||||
K12 | Heterogeneity | – | 0.745 | – | ||||||
K16 | Clinical effectiveness | – | 0.642 | – | ||||||
K7 | Odds ratio | – | 0.607 | – | ||||||
K8 | P-value | – | 0.589 | – | ||||||
K15 | Positive predictive value | – | 0.569 | – | ||||||
K14 | Test sensitivity and specificity | – | 0.553 | – | ||||||
K10 | Number needed to treat | – | 0.531 | – | ||||||
K9 | Level of evidence | – | 0.524 | – | ||||||
K6 | Absolute risk | – | 0.436 | – | ||||||
K5 | Relative risk | – | 0.416 | – | ||||||
Practice (n = 9) | Practice (n = 8) | P4 | EBM improves my patient care | 0.829 | – | – | 0.892 | 49.0 | < 0.001 | 0.882 |
P7 | EBM guides my clinical decision making | 0.817 | – | – | ||||||
P8 | I prefer to manage patients based on EBM | 0.759 | – | – | ||||||
P3 | Reading research papers is important to me | 0.739 | – | – | ||||||
P6 | I can implement EBM in my clinical practice | 0.727 | – | – | ||||||
P2 | I trust the findings from research studies | 0.662 | – | – | ||||||
P5 | EBM reduces my workload | 0.521 | – | – | ||||||
P1 | I support EBM | 0.456 | – | – | ||||||
Barriers (n = 13) | Access (n = 6) | B4 | I have time to practise EBM in my clinic | 0.686 | – | 0.818 | 36.8 | < 0.001 | 0.774 | |
B5 | My clinic facilities are adequate to support the practice of EBM | 0.675 | – | – | ||||||
B3 | I have time to read research papers | 0.633 | – | |||||||
B6 | Research articles are easily available to me | 0.632 | – | – | ||||||
B1 | I am able to assess the quality of research. | 0.543 | – | – | ||||||
B2 | I have access to internet to practice EBM | 0.435 | ||||||||
Patient preferences (n = 2) | B8 | My patients prefers me to practise EBM | – | 0.754 | – | |||||
B9 | My patient believes in information that is based on evidence | – | 0.754 | – | 0.500 | 56.8 | < 0.001 | 0.725 | ||
Support (n = 2) | B12 | My colleagues support the practice of EBM | – | – | 0.786 | |||||
B13 | My organization supports the practice of EBM | – | – | 0.786 | 0.500 | 61.7 | < 0.001 | 0.764 |