The effectiveness of shared decision-making followed by positive reinforcement on physical disability in the long-term follow-up of patients with nonspecific low back pain in primary care: a clustered randomised controlled trial

Table 2 Univariate mean score per group in primary and secondary outcomes in the imputed dataset without correction for clustering

	MEAN SCORE AT 2 WEEKS			Mean score at 12 weeks			mean score at 26 weeks
	IV	CO	p-value	IV	CO	p-value	IV	CO	p-value
Clinical parameters
Disability (RMD) (0–24)	4.1 (5.3)	4.3 (4.8)	0.789	2.1 (4.0)	2.3 (3.7)	0.720	2.0 (3.7)	2.0 (3.6)	0.949
Pain (VAS) (0–100 mm)	18.9 (21.7)	20.3 (20.9)	0.675	14.2 (22.6)	12.4 (17.5)	0.577	13.6 (17.3)	16.3 (21.2)	0.385
Adequate relief (yes/no)†	70 (81%)	62 (81%)	0.888	45 (69%)	38 (62%)	0.416	35 (66%)	32 (64%)	0.830
Societal impact
Absenteeism (days)	1.47 (3.35)	2.05 (4.03)	0.359	0.93 (5.65)	0.800 (3.63)	0.888			*
Absenteeism (yes/no)‡	18 (28%)	20 (27%)	0.924	3 (5%)	4 (8%)	0.552	7 (11%)	6 (14%)	0.650
healthcare consumption
Telephone consultations (per patient)	0.35 (0.71)	0.29 (0.60)	0.556	1.18 (0.50)	1.18 (0.51)	0.672			*
Practice consultations (per patient)	0.21 (0.51)	0.11 (0.39)	0.134	1.12 (0.43)	1.15 (0.52)	0.965	1.11 (0.45)	1.10 (0.38)	0.914

RMD = Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (a higher score indicates a more favourable outcome). VAS = visual analogue scale (a lower score indicates a more favourable outcome). Mean score of low back pain, leg pain and both. IPQ = illness perception questionnaire. CO = control group. IV = intervention group. *Cannot be computed because the group is zero

ISSN: 2731-4553