Table 1 Sample of Descriptives and Demography
All N (%) | No Pain N (%) | Mild Pain N (%) | Moderate Pain N(%) | Severe Pain N(%) | Pearson □2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants (N) | 738 | 273 (37.0) | 195 (26.4) | 191 (25.9) | 79 (10.7) | |
Gender | □2 [3]= 19.47 p = <.001 | |||||
Male | 240 (32.5) | 102 (37.4) | 77 (39.5) | 42 (22.0) | 19 (24.1) | |
Female | 498 (67.5) | 171 (62.6) | 118 (60.5) | 149 (78.0) | 60 (75.9) | |
Age (y), M (SD) | 88.8 (3.0) | □2 [3] = 9.18 p = .027 | ||||
≤ 89 | 476 (64.5) | 163 (59.7) | 134 (68.7) | 119 (62.3) | 60 (75.9) | |
≥ 90 | 262 (35.5) | 110 (40.3) | 61 (31.3) | 72 (37.7) | 19 (24.1) | |
Education | □2 [6] =27.17 p = <.001 | |||||
Primary | 408 (55.3) | 151 (55.3) | 90 (46.2) | 117 (61.3) | 50 (63.3) | |
Secondary | 226 (30.6) | 91 (3.3) | 59 (30.2) | 59 (30.9) | 17 (21.5) | |
Tertiary | 104 (14.1) | 31 (11.4) | 46 (23.6) | 15 (7.8) | 12 (15.2) | |
Housing | □2 [9] = 1.89 p = <.001 | |||||
At homea | 520 (70.5) | 199 (72.9) | 153 (78.5) | 118 (61.8) | 50 (63.3) | |
At homeb | 105 (14.2) | 26 (9.5) | 18 (9.2) | 41 (21.5) | 20 (25.3) | |
Assisted living | 65 (8.8) | 22 (8.1) | 11 (5.6) | 10 (5.2) | 5 (6.3) | |
Care home | 48 (6.5) | 26 (9.5) | 13 (6.7) | 22 (11.5) | 4 (5.1) | |
Analgesics* | □2 [3] = 5.01 p = <.001 | |||||
Yes | 181 (24.5) | 33 (12.1) | 42 (21.5) | 73 (38.2) | 33 (41.8) | |
No | 546 (74.0) | 234 (89.0) | 151 (77.4) | 115 (60.2) | 46 (58.2) | |
BMI, M (SD)* | 25.2 (3.8) | □2 [9] = 8.96 p = .441 | ||||
Normal weight | 340 (49.1) | 129 (47.3) | 95 (48.7) | 83 (43.5) | 33 (41.7) | |
Underweight | 17 (2.5) | 9 (3.3) | 3 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (3.8) | |
Overweight | 265 (38.3) | 88 (32.2) | 69 (35.4) | 79 (41.4) | 29 (36.7) | |
Obese | 70 (10.1) | 23 (8.4) | 18 (9.2) | 18 (9.4) | 11 (13.9) | |
MMSE | □2 [3] = 8.30 p = .040 | |||||
< 25 | 79 (10.7) | 38 (13.9) | 16 (8.2) | 22 (11.5) | 3 (3.8) | |
≥ 25 | 659 (89.3) | 235 (86.1) | 179 (91.8) | 169 (88.5) | 76 (96.2) | |
Impairment in daily activities* | □2 [15] = 521.90 p = <.001 | |||||
None | 229 (31.0) | 181 (66.3) | 42 (21.5) | 6 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Mild | 215 (29.1) | 65 (23.8) | 91 (46.6) | 47 (24.6) | 12 (15.2) | |
Medium | 158 (21.4) | 24 (8.8) | 50 (25.6) | 73 (38.2) | 11 (13.9) | |
Moderate | 113 (15.3) | 3 (1.1) | 10 (5.1) | 62 (32.5) | 38 (48.1) | |
Extreme | 21 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.6) | 17 (21.5) | |