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Table 2 Number of Chronic Care Model elements (primary only, n = 1; primary and secondary, n = 2; or primary, secondary and tertiary, n = 3) by primary outcome

From: A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care

OUTCOME CATEGORY

 

Professional-level

Patient-level

Other

Number of CCM elements

Adherence to guidelines

Change in medication

Quality of care

Adherence to treatment

Service use

PMOD

Risk behavior

Quality of life

Health status

Satisfaction

Functional status

Knowledge level

Costs

1

2 (4)

5 (10)

 

1 (5)

3 (9)

11 (23)

4 (5)

7 (13)

6 (9)

1 (2)

3 (7)

7 (9)

1 (2)

2

12 (17)

12 (15)

1 (1)

7 (12)

5 (11)

34 (55)

9 (16)

8 (18)

2 (12)

4 (6)

9 (15)

11 (15)

4 (5)

3

5 (11)

5 (5)

 

1 (5)

4 (6)

20 (30)

0 (7)

2 (12)

2 (10)

4 (6)

0 (3)

3 (6)

4 (4)

  1. Numbers in cells: number of studies reporting at least one significant outcome (number of studies reporting at least one outcome for that particular category of outcome measure)
  2. Bold font in cells is where 50% or more of studies reported a significant difference for that category of outcome
  3. CCM Chronic Care Model, PMOD physiological measure of disease