| Intervention (N = 195) | Control (N = 68) | p-valuea |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
  < 50 | 47 (24.1%) | 15 (22.1%) |  |
 50-59 | 68 (34.9%) | 22 (32.4%) |  |
  ≥ 60 | 80 (41.0%) | 31 (45.6%) |  |
 Range | 20-85 | 33-83 |  |
 Mean ± SDb | 56.9 ± 12.0 | 57.7 ± 11.6 | 0.649 |
Sex | |||
 Male (92) | 67 (34.4%) | 25 (36.8%) | 0.720 |
 Female (171) | 128 (65.6%) | 43 (63.2%) |  |
Comorbidities | |||
 Numberb | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
 Hypertension | 59 (30.3%) | 48 (70.6%) | <0.001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 90 (46.2%) | 65 (95.6%) | <0.001 |
 Cardiac disease | 33 (16.9%) | 9 (13.2%) | 0.475 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 4 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.234 |
 Renal disease | 29 (14.9%) | 9 (13.2%) | 0.741 |
 Hypothyroidism | 28 (14.4%) | 8 (11.8%) | 0.592 |
 Others | 4 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.234 |
Diabetes Durationb (years) | 1.21 ± 0.3 | 1.16 ± 0.3 | 0.238 |
Body weight (Kg)b | 82.9 ± 17.6 | 74.8 ± 14.3 | <0.001 |
Glycemic control‡ | |||
 HbA1c (%) | 11.2 ± 1.4 | 10.1 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 99 ± (84–114) | 87 ± (69–104) |  |
 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | 12.3 ± 4.6 | 12.2 ± 4.3 | 0.865 |
Blood lipids (mmol/l)‡ | |||
 Total cholesterol | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 4.1 | 0.292 |
 Triglycerides | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.102 |
 HDL cholesterol | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.506 |
 LDL cholesterol | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.979 |
Blood pressure (mmHg)b | |||
 Systolic | 130.1 ± 13.3 | 129.1 ± 14.1 | 0.600 |
 Diastolic | 73.2 ± 8.0 | 74.0 ± 8.2 | 0.481 |