|
Outcome
|
Development Cohort [8] (2002)
|
Validation Cohort (2009–2011)
|
Absolute Difference
|
p-value*
|
|---|
|
Number of Family Physicians
|
205
|
230
|
–
|
–
|
|
Women with complete data
|
331
|
397
|
–
|
–
|
|
Prevalence of positive cultures
|
208/331 (62.8%)
|
245/397 (61.7%)
|
- 1.1%
|
0.76
|
|
1. Accuracy
|
|
Sensitivity
|
167/208 (80.3%)
|
202/245 (82.5%)
|
+ 2.1%
|
0.54
|
|
Specificity
|
66/123 (53.7%)
|
54/152 (35.5%)
|
- 18.2%
|
0.005
|
|
2. Management
|
|
Urine Cultures
|
107/331 (32.3%)
|
97/397 (24.4%)
|
- 7.9%
|
0.02
|
|
Antibiotics Prescribed
|
224/331 (67.7%)
|
300/397 (75.6%)
|
+ 7.9%
|
0.02
|
|
Unnecessary Antibiotics**
|
57/331 (17.2%)
|
98/397 (24.7%)
|
+ 7.5%
|
0.02
|
- *adjusted for clustering by physician
- **antibiotic prescription issued and subsequent urine culture was negative for bacteria
