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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for the primary variables (n = 1025)

From: The effects of family structure and function on mental health during China’s transition: a cross-sectional analysis

Variables

Total

Urban(n = 614)

Rural(n = 411)

χ 2 /F

P

N/Mean

%/SD

N/Mean

%/SD

N/Mean

%/SD

Sex

 Male

416

40.59

250

40.72

166

40.39

0.0109

0.9167

 Female

609

59.41

364

59.28

245

59.61

  

Age (years old)

 15–29

117

11.41

69

11.24

48

11.68

4.8173

0.3066

 30–39

115

11.22

73

11.89

42

10.22

  

 40–49

171

16.68

100

16.29

71

17.27

  

 50–59

198

19.32

107

17.43

91

22.14

  

  ≥ 60

424

41.37

265

43.16

159

38.69

  

Ethnicity

 Han nationality

1016

99.12

606

98.70

410

99.76

3.1730

0.0749

 Others

9

0.88

8

1.30

1

0.24

  

Religion

 Yes

36

3.51

27

4.40

9

2.19

3.5372

0.0600

 No

989

96.49

587

95.60

402

97.81

  

Education

 College or more

104

10.15

98

15.96

6

1.46

191.1864

<.0001

 Senior high

244

23.80

204

33.22

40

9.73

  

 Junior high

305

29.76

175

28.50

130

31.63

  

 Primary or less

372

36.29

137

22.31

235

57.18

  

Self-reported economic status

 Good

154

15.02

96

15.64

58

14.11

59.3292

<.0001

 Fair

635

61.95

427

69.54

208

50.61

  

 Bad

236

23.02

91

14.82

145

35.28

  

Smoking

 Yes

217

21.17

117

19.06

100

24.33

4.1018

0.0428

 No

808

78.83

497

80.94

311

75.67

  

Drinking

 Yes

153

14.93

81

13.19

72

17.52

3.6248

0.0569

 No

872

85.07

533

86.81

339

82.48

  

Chronic disease status

 Yes

492

48.00

297

48.37

195

47.45

0.0845

0.7713

 No

533

52.00

317

51.63

216

52.55

  

Family structure

 Alone

51

4.98

32

5.21

19

4.62

49.4675

<.0001

 Couple

222

21.66

168

27.36

54

13.14

  

 Nuclear family

318

31.02

204

33.22

114

27.74

  

 Extended family

434

42.34

210

34.20

224

54.50

  

Family function

 (Total APGAR score)

8.10

2.18

8.11

2.13

8.09

2.27

0.01

0.9372

Levels of family function

 Good (APGAR score = 7–10)

810

79.02

487

79.32

323

78.59

0.1951

0.9071

 Fair (APGAR score = 4–6)

171

16.68

102

16.61

69

16.79

  

 Bad (APGAR score = 0–3)

44

4.29

25

4.07

19

4.62

  

Mental health

 (GHQ-12 score)

2.92

2.64

2.44

2.34

3.65

2.89

54.81

<.0001

Tendency of mental disorder

 Yes (GHQ-12 score ≥4)

354

34.54

161

26.22

193

46.96

46.7824

<.0001

 No (GHQ-12 score <4)

671

65.46

453

73.78

218

53.04

  
  1. Note: Family function was measured by APGAR scale; mental health was measured by GHQ-12. Total APGAR scores of family function and GHQ-12 scores of mental health between urban and rural populations were compared by ANOVA analysis