| Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quality Item [28] | Burns et al., [29] | Nichols et al., [30] | Fortinsky et al., [31] | Rodriguez-Sanchez et al., [32] | |
1 | Question / objective sufficiently described? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
2 | Study design evident and appropriate? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
3 | Method of subject/comparison group selection or source of information/input variables described and appropriate? | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes |
4 | Subject (and comparison group, if applicable) characteristics sufficiently described? | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes |
5 | If interventional and random allocation was possible, was it described? | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes |
6 | If interventional and blinding of investigators was possible, was it reported? | Yes | Partial | N/A | No |
7 | If interventional and blinding of subjects was possible, was it reported? | Partial | No | N/A | No |
8 | Outcome and (if applicable) exposure measure(s) well defined and robust to measurement / misclassification bias? Means of assessment reported? | Yes | Partial | No | Yes |
9 | Sample size appropriate? | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes |
10 | Analytic methods described/justified and appropriate? | Yes | Partial | Partial | Yes |
11 | Some estimate of variance is reported for the main results? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
12 | Controlled for confounding? | Partial | Yes | No | Yes |
13 | Results reported in sufficient detail? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
14 | Conclusions supported by the results? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Overall quality score | 93% | 58% | 81% | 86% |