Categories | Non-Pneumococcal SLRTI (N = 518) | Pneumococcal SLRTI (N = 26) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or N (%) | Mean ± SD or N (%) | |||
Total cohort | ||||
Demographics | ||||
Age | 55.1 ± 18.1 | 52.2 ± 19.2 | >0.050 | |
Age group | 18-49 years | 195 (37.6) | 11 (42.3) | >0.050 |
50-64 years | 157 (30.4) | 6 (23.1) | ||
≥65 years | 166 (32.0) | 9 (34.6) | ||
Gender | Male | 246 (47.5) | 6 (23.1) | 0.016 |
Female | 272 (52.5) | 20 (76.9) | ||
Smoking status | Smoker | 160 (30.9) | 9 (34.6) | >0.050 |
Former smoker | 115 (22.2) | 4 (15.4) | ||
Non-smoker | 243 (46.9) | 13 (50.0 | ||
Activity and revenue | Without revenue | 57 (11.0) | 5 (19.2) | >0.050 |
Replacement revenue | 40 (7.7) | 4 (15.4) | ||
Self-employed | 18 (3.5) | 1 (3.8) | ||
Manual worker | 106 (20.5) | 6 (23.1) | ||
Employee | 99 (19.1) | 1 (3.8) | ||
Manager | 9 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Retired | 189 (36.5) | 9 (34.6) | ||
Exposition to young children | 277 (53.6) | 7 (26.9) | 0.009 | |
Living conditions | At home | 500 (96.5) | 26 (100.0) | >0.050 |
Nursing home | 15 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Institution | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Medical history | ||||
Influenza vaccination | 141 (27.2) | 2 (7.7) | 0.037 | |
Pneumococcal vaccination | 60 (11.6) | 4 (15.4) | >0.050 | |
Co-morbidities | Asthma | 57 (11.0) | 6 (23.1) | >0.050 |
Chronic bronchitis | 55 (10.6) | 6 (23.1) | >0.050 | |
Diabetes | 42 (8.1) | 3 (11.5) | >0.050 | |
Renal insufficiency | 28 (5.4) | 4 (15.4) | >0.050 | |
COPD | 83 (16.0) | 11 (42.3) | 0.002 | |
Cardiovascular illness | 92 (17.8) | 4 (15.4) | >0.050 | |
Immunological illness | 6 (1.2) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Allergy to antibiotics | 41 (7.9) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Clinical symptoms | ||||
Body temperature taken by the physician (°C) | 38.2 ± 0.9 | 38.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | |
Body temperature taken by the patient (°C) | 38.9 ± 0.5 | 39.0 ± 0.1 | >0.050 | |
Breaths per minute | 21.5 ± 7.2 | 27.1 ± 6.2 | 0.001 | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 ± 57 | 111 ± 18 | <0.0001 | |
Diastolic blood pressure | 77 ± 9.2 | 74 ± 9.1 | >0.050 | |
Cough | 507 (97.9) | 26 (100.0) | >0.050 | |
Sputum | 399 (77.0) | 25 (96.2) | 0.026 | |
Shortness of breath | 341 (65.8) | 19 (73.1) | >0.050 | |
Wheezing | 227 (43.8) | 10 (38.5) | >0.050 | |
Coryza | 34 (6.6) | 0 (0.0) | >0.050 | |
Breath sounds | 417 (80.5) | 22 (84.6) | >0.050 | |
Chest pain | 286 (55.2) | 22 (84.6) | 0.004 | |
Muscle ache | 314 (60.6) | 21 (80.8) | 0.040 | |
Headache | 282 (54.4) | 18 (69.2) | >0.050 | |
Disturbed sleep | 284 (54.8) | 17 (65.4) | >0.050 | |
Feeling unwell | 433 (83.6) | 23 (88.5) | >0.050 | |
Shivers | 241 (46.5) | 16 (61.5) | >0.050 | |
Interference with normal activity | 351 (67.8) | 21 (80.8) | >0.050 | |
Confusion/disorientation | 40 (7.7) | 8 (30.8) | 0.001 | |
Diarrhoea | 55 (10.6) | 11 (42.3) | <0.0001 | |
CRB-65 score | 0 (best) | 292 (56.4) | 11 (42.3) | >0.050 |
1 | 156 (30.1) | 6 (23.1) | ||
2 | 61 (11.8) | 5 (19.2) | ||
3 (worst) | 9 (1.7) | 4 (15.4) | ||
Diagnostic tests | ||||
X-ray radiography | 44 (8.5) | 5 (19.2) | >0.050 | |
X-ray signs | No signs | 9 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.050 |
Lobar consolidation | 7 (1.4) | 2 (7.7) | >0.050 | |
Infiltrate | 22 (4.2) | 4 (15.4) | 0.030 | |
Pleural effusion | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | >0.050 | |
Blood culture | 2 (0.4) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Tentative diagnosis | Acute bronchitis | 288 (55.6) | 1 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
Bronchopneumonia | 87 (16.8) | 11 (42.3) | ||
Pneumonia | 70 (13.5) | 6 (23.1) | ||
COPD exacerbation | 73 (14.1) | 8 (30.8) | ||
Treatment | ||||
Pharmacological treatment | 511 (98.6) | 25 (96.2) | >0.050 | |
Antibiotics | 462 (89.2) | 24 (92.3) | >0.050 | |
Antipyretics | 405 (78.2) | 18 (69.2) | >0.050 | |
NSAIDs | 23 (4.4) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Corticosteroids | 83 (16.0) | 7 (26.9) | >0.050 | |
Bronchodilators | 130 (25.1) | 5 (19.2) | >0.050 | |
Antitussives | 240 (46.3) | 17 (65.4) | >0.050 | |
Low weight heparin | 5 (1.0) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
N-acetylcysteine | 98 (18.9) | 2 (7.7) | >0.050 | |
Non-pharmacological treatment | 29 (5.6) | 5 (19.2) | 0.018 | |
Oxygen | 8 (1.5) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Physiotherapy | 25 (4.8) | 5 (19.2) | 0.010 | |
Sick leave | 220 (42.5) | 11 (42.3) | >0.050 | |
Supplementary home care | 14 (2.7) | 1 (3.8) | >0.050 | |
Hospitalisation | 6 (1.2) | 2 (7.7) | >0.050 | |
Functional status | ||||
EQ-5D index | 0.62 ± 0.28 | 0.35 ± 0.35 | <0.0001 | |
EQ-5D visual analogue scale (mm) | 52 ± 17 | 44 ± 22 | 0.039 | |
Follow-up cohort | ||||
Visits to GPs | 1.27 ± 1.30 | 2.44 ± 1.36 | 0.001 | |
Working days lost | 3.49 ± 4.83 | 9.56 ± 9.46 | <0.0001 | |
Number of days patients needed assistance | 2.14 ± 6.34 | 6.64 ± 9.70 | 0.014 |