Table 1 Baseline characteristics
|  | Total (n = 436) | Did not self-report kidney problems (n = 227) | Self-reported kidney problems (n = 209) | Odds-ratio (95% CI) | Univariate P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recruited from collaborative practice | Â | Â | Â | 1.18 (0.78, 1.80) | 0.43 |
 No | 174 (39.9) | 95 (54.6) | 79 (45.4) |  |  |
 Yes | 262 (60.1) | 132 (50.4) | 130 (49.6) |  |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 1.69 (1.14, 2.50) | 0.009** |
 Male | 181 (41.5) | 108 (59.7) | 73 (40.3) |  |  |
 Female | 255 (58.5) | 119 (46.7) | 136 (53.3) |  |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.24 |
 <70 | 157 (36.0) | 75 (47.8) | 82 (52.2) | 1.0 |  |
 70-79 | 178 (40.8) | 95 (53.4) | 83 (46.6) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.05) |  |
 80+ | 101 (23.2) | 57 (56.4) | 44 (43.6) | 0.71 (0.39, 1.29) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | 5.54 (0.53, 57.81) | 0.15 |
 White | 430 (98.6) | 226 (52.6) | 204 (47.4) |  |  |
 Non-white | 6 (1.4) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) |  |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | 1.04 (0.70, 1.55) | 0.85 |
 No qualifications | 192 (44.0) | 101 (52.6) | 91 (47.4) |  |  |
 > = 1 qualification | 244 (56.0) | 126 (51.6) | 118 (48.4) |  |  |
Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) (Higher score = greater deprivation) | 16.95 (9.8, 31.7) | 16.16 (9.6, 31.1) | 18 (10.1, 31.7) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.55 |
Access internet for health information | Â | Â | Â | 1.23 (0.74, 2.05) | 0.43 |
 No | 322 (73.9) | 172 (53.4) | 150 (46.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 114 (26.1) | 55 (48.3) | 59 (51.8) |  |  |
CKD stage | Â | Â | Â | 2.67 (1.96, 3.64) | <0.001*** |
 3a | 330 (75.7) | 191 (57.9) | 139 (42.1) |  |  |
 3b | 106(24.3) | 36 (34.0) | 70 (66.0) |  |  |
Proteinuria | Â | Â | Â | 1.95 (1.02, 3.69) | 0.042* |
 No | 388 (89.0) | 209 (53.9) | 179 (46.1) |  |  |
 Yes | 48 (11.0) | 18 (37.5) | 30 (62.5) |  |  |
Co-morbid long-term conditions | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.020* |
 <=2 | 136 (31.2) | 79 (58.1) | 57 (41.9) | 1.0 |  |
 3 or 4 | 192 (44.0) | 100 (52.1) | 92 (47.9) | 1.28 (0.84, 1.94) |  |
 5+ | 108 (24.8) | 48 (44.4) | 60 (55.6) | 1.73 (1.17, 2.57) |  |
Co-morbid established cardiovascular disease | Â | Â | Â | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.36 |
 No | 254 (58.3) | 135 (53.2) | 119 (46.9) |  |  |
 Yes | 182 (41.7) | 92 (50.6) | 90 (49.5) |  |  |
High blood pressure | Â | Â | Â | 0.91 (0.62, 1.33) | 0.61 |
 No | 174 (39.9) | 88 (50.6) | 86 (49.4) |  |  |
 Yes | 262 (60.1) | 139 (53.1) | 123 (47.0) |  |  |
Prostate and urological problems | Â | Â | Â | 1.15 (0.61, 2.18) | 0.67 |
 No | 387 (88.8) | 203 (52.5) | 184 (47.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 49 (11.2) | 24 (49.0) | 25 (51.0) |  |  |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | 0.84 (0.55, 1.28) | 0.41 |
 No | 335 (76.8) | 171 (51.0) | 164 (49.0) |  |  |
 Yes | 101 (23.2) | 56 (55.5) | 45 (44.6) |  |  |
Arthritis or painful joints, back trouble, osteoporosis | Â | Â | Â | 1.38 (0.82, 2.33) | 0.23 |
 No | 150 (34.4) | 86 (57.3) | 64 (42.7) |  |  |
 Yes | 286 (65.6) | 141 (49.3) | 145 (50.7) |  |  |
≥1 Other (COPD, stomach ulcer, reflux or IBS, CFS, neurological condition, thyroid problems, skin problems, cancer, haematology, ENT, eye problems or dementia). |  |  |  | 1.34 (0.95, 1.90) | 0.094 |
 No | 166 (38.1) | 94 (56.6) | 72 (43.4) |  |  |
 Yes | 270 (61.9) | 133 (49.3) | 137 (50.7) |  |  |
General health (Higher score = better general health) | 2.75 ± 0.94 | 2.89 ± 0.96 | 2.60 ± 0.90 | 0.72 (0.60, 0.85) | <0.001*** |
Energy & Vitality (Higher score = greater energy levels) | 50.78 ± 22.83 | 55.39 ± 21.65 | 45.77 ± 23.07 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001*** |
HADS –anxiety |  |  |  |  | <0.001*** |
 0-3 | 183 (42.0) | 107 (58.5) | 76 (41.5) | 1 |  |
 4-7 | 151 (34.6) | 86 (57.0) | 65 (43.1) | 1.06 (0.61, 1.86) |  |
 8+ | 102 (23.4) | 34 (33.3) | 68 (66.7) | 2.82 (1.46, 5.43) |  |
SCDSC self-care (Higher score = greater self-care skills) | 4.35 ± 1.23 | 4.40 ± 1.24 | 4.29 ± 1.21 | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.13 |
> 1 cardiovascular risk factor (Diabetes, hypertension or smoking) | Â | Â | Â | 1.18 (0.78, 1.77) | 0.44 |
 No | 352 (80.7) | 186 (52.8) | 166 (47.2) |  |  |
 Yes | 84 (19.3) | 41 (48.8) | 43 (51.2) |  |  |
HeiQ (Self-monitoring and insight) (Higher score = greater self-monitoring) | 68.97 ± 12.26 | 70.74 ± 11.61 | 67.05 ± 12.68 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.002** |
HeiQ (Health services navigation) (Higher score = greater health service navigation) | 69.67 ± 15.29 | 71.31 ± 15.05 | 67.9 ± 15.39 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.01* |
GP contact in previous 6Â months | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.027* |
Nurse visits in previous 6Â months | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.29 |
Total hospital visits in previous 6Â months | 1 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) | 0.12 |