Skip to main content

Table 3 Within-practice comparison of first and second measurement of practices in first cohort and between practice comparison of first and second cohort in 2009-2011

From: Effect of accreditation on the quality of chronic disease management: a comparative observational study

Indicators1

1stcohort

Within-group comparison of 1stcohort2

2ndcohort

Between-groups comparison 1stand 2ndcohort 2009-20113

2006-2008

2009-2011

2009-2011

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Estimate (95% conf. int.)

p

Mean (SD)

Estimate (95% conf. int.)

p

Diabetes

      

Prevalence

0.040 (0.014)

0.050 (0.013)

0.010 (0.006 - 0.015)

0.000

0.051 (0.018)

-0.001 (-0.006 - 0.005)

0.79

Outcome measures

       

HbA1c < target

60.8 (15.9)

63.6 (11.4)

2.6 (-2.6 - 7.9)

0.32

63.6 (11.0)

-0.02 (-4.0 - 3.9)

0.99

Blood pressure < target4

56.6 (16.7)

52.1 (17.0)

-5.4 (-11.4 - 0.7)

0.08

50.8 (16.7)

0.9 (-4.9 - 6.7)

0.76

Total cholesterol < target4

50.4 (15.0)

45.2 (20.1)

-5.4 (-12.4 - 1.5)

0.12

36.3 (20.7)

8.8 (1.5 - 16.1)

0.02

Process measures

       

Mean process score

79.2 (10.0)

81.6 (12.7)

2.3 (-1.5 - 6.1)

0.23

79.5 (12.7)

1.8 (-2.5 - 6.2)

0.41

HbA1c measurement

90.4 (10.2)

92.5 (7.3)

2.1 (-1.1 - 5.4)

0.20

92.4 (6.7)

-0.03 (-2.5 - 2.4)

0.98

BP5 measurement

93.7 (7.0)

91.9 (13.3)

-1.7 (-5.0 - 1.7)

0.32

92.4 (8.9)

-0.7 (-4.7 - 3.3)

0.74

Cholesterol measurement

81.3 (14.4)

86.1 (12.4)

4.8 (0.2 - 9.4)

0.04

86.6 (9.4)

-0.6 (-4.4 - 3.2)

0.74

Creatinine clearance

82.1 (13.1)

85.3 (17.0)

3.4 (-1.2 - 7.9)

0.14

83.6 (17.3)

1.2 (-4.8 - 7.2)

0.69

Retinal examination

70.6 (16.4)

66.4 (24.4)

-4.5 (-12.0 - 3.1)

0.24

62.3 (26.6)

3.9 (-4.9 - 12.7)

0.39

Feet examination

57.3 (22.7)

67.1 (26.4)

9.7(0.9 - 18.5)

0.03

59.7 (27.1)

7.2 (-2.1 - 16.5)

0.13

Prescription of lipid lowering medication

60.5 (16.4)

69.9 (22.6)

9.5 (2.5 - 16.4)

0.009

68.4 (13.1)

1.1 (-5.1 - 7.4)

0.72

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

     

Prevalence

0.017 (0.009)

0.022 (0.008)

0.005 (0.003 - 0.008)

0.000

0.023 (0.010)

-0.001 (-0.004 - 0.003)

0.65

Outcome measure

       

Patients that smoke

36.6 (22.9)

31.8 (16.1)

-4.9 (-11.5 - 1.8)

0.15

32.2 (20.7)

-0.4 (-6.9 - 6.2)

0.92

Process measures

       

Mean process score

58.5 (17.8)

67.2 (22.1)

8.3 (1.8 - 14.8)

0.01

61.6 (24.9)

5.5 (-2.8 - 13.8)

0.19

Smoke status known

76.0 (21.4)

75.4 (23.2)

-1.3 (-8.1 - 5.6)

0.71

69.4 (27.0)

6.1 (-2.8 - 15.0)

0.18

Spirometry

41.2 (23.5)

58.8 (28.7)

17.0 (8.0 - 26.0)

0.000

53.8 (28.5)

4.7 (-5.5 - 14.8)

0.37

Stop smoking advice

47.0 (33.9)

69.8 (30.8)

21.8 (8.7 - 34.9)

0.002

65.2 (32.6)

5.1 (-10.1 - 20.2)

0.51

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) 6

      

Outcome measures

       

Patients that smoke

-

12.6 (8.5)

-

-

10.5 (7.8)

1.9 (-1.1 - 4.9)

0.20

Blood pressure < target4

-

41.8 (15.5)

-

-

35.7 (14.7)

6.3 (0.6 - 11.9)

0.03

Process measures

       

Mean process score

-

61.3 (20.3)

-

-

54.5 (21.6)

6.5 (-1.2 - 14.1)

0.10

Smoke status known

-

51.7 (26.6)

-

-

39.8 (25.5)

11.3 (1.9 - 20.8)

0.02

BP5 measurement

-

70.8 (17.9)

-

-

69.3 (21.3)

1.6 (-5.6 - 8.9)

0.66

Stop smoking advice

-

66.7 (34.2)

-

-

51.1 (34.0)

13.2 (-4.6 - 30.9)

0.14

Glucose measurement

-

77.5 (17.6)

-

-

64.3 (24.3)

12.0 (1.9 - 22.0)

0.02

Prescription of anticoagulants

-

78.8 (15.0)

-

-

76.5 (20.4)

1.6 (-5.1 - 8.3)

0.64

  1. 1Except for prevalence values, all values in this table report the percentage of patients treated according to the guidelines/for which the indicator was met (deviations, estimates and 95% confidence intervals are also reported in number of percentage points). 2Results are based on multilevel regression analyses, accounting for repeated measures per practice and correcting for practice size, practice type and practice location. 3Results are based on regression analyses, correcting for practice size, practice type and practice location. 4In prevailing guidelines, target levels on blood pressure and cholesterol were tightened over time. This may partly account for a decrease in these scores regarding diabetes. 5BP = blood pressure. 6The inclusion criteria for patients with risk for cardiovascular disease changed towards the inclusion of patients with known cardiovascular disease only, which made a within-group comparison of the first cohort not justifiable.