The relationship between obesity, hyperglycemia symptoms, and health-related quality of life among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children and adolescents

Table 4 Multiple linear regression analyses of parent reports of the six KINDL^® sub-scale scores

	Physical functioning	Emotional well-being	Self-esteem	Family	Friends	School
Age of child (years)^a	-1.80***	-2.12***	-3.46***	-0.68*	-0.76**	-6.23***
Sex
(Female)
Male	2.56***	0.61	-0.76	-0.52	0.27	-1.27**
Body Mass Index
(Normal)
Underweight	1.41	-0.54	-1.19	-1.99*	-1.45	0.47
At-risk of overweight	1.02	-0.17	-0.86	-1.10	-2.00**	-1.11
Over weight	-0.87	-0.54	-2.22***	-0.71	-1.39*	-0.94
Hyperglycemia symptoms
(None)
1–2 symptoms	-6.77***	-3.93***	-3.74***	-3.99***	-1.84***	-3.02***
3–4 symptoms	-16.85***	-10.40***	-9.65***	-9.11***	-6.62***	-7.85***
5 or more symptoms	-30.64***	-21.79***	-20.62***	-11.85***	-13.02***	-18.53***
Race/Ethnicity ^b
(Non-Hispanic White)
Hispanic	1.14	0.58	2.93***	2.35***	1.83***	-0.56
Family history of diabetes
(No)	-2.31***	-0.77	0.37	-0.55	-0.34	-0.66
Child diagnosed with diabetes
(No)	-5.52*	-5.65*	-4.92	0.81	-4.00	-4.10
Family income
(60 k+)
<20 k	-0.65	-1.56*	-1.91*	-2.31**	-1.61*	-2.88***
20–40	-0.42	0.37	-0.71	-2.11**	-0.42	-1.14
40–60	-0.16	-0.32	-1.77*	-1.06	-0.67	-0.83
Acculturation
(Mostly speak English)
Mostly speak Spanish	2.38*	-4.72***	-8.55***	8.63***	-1.72*	-7.41***
Speak both languages equally	1.79	-1.42*	-1.00	2.93***	0.43	-1.97*
Speak other language	-1.99	-5.11	-11.77*	5.54	0.59	0.04

Note: Variables in parentheses are referent categories. Each model is adjusted simultaneously for all variables. The model for the school sub-scale include only those children who go to school
^a Age of the child is reported in increments of 5 years.
^b Responding parents' race/ethnicity
* p = 0.05, ** p = 0.01, ***p = 0.001

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