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Table 4 Modelling effect of year and socioeconomic factors on vaccination uptake: risk ratios (95% confidence intervals)

From: Trends in influenza vaccination uptake among people aged over 74 years, 1997–2000: Survey of 73 general practices in Britain

Categories

Model 11 73 practices n = 66140 records3

Model 21 73 practices n = 66140 records3

Model 31 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3

Model 41 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3

Model 51 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3

Year

     

1997

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1998

1.06 (1.02,1.09)

1.05 (1.02,1.09)

1.08 (1.03,1.13)

1.07 (1.03,1.12)

1.08 (1.03,1.13)

1999

1.09 (1.05,1.14)

1.09 (1.05,1.14)

1.10 (1.04,1.16)

1.09 (1.03,1.16)

1.09 (1.04,1.15)

2000

1.33 (1.25,1.42)

1.33 (1.25,1.42)

1.32 (1.22,1.43)

1.32 (1.22,1.42)

1.32 (1.22,1.42)

 

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Gender

     

Male

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Female

0.89 (0.87,0.91)

0.89 (0.87,0.91)

0.89 (0.87,0.92)

0.88 (0.86,0.91)

0.90 (0.87,0.92)

 

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Current age (years)

    

Under 80

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

80–84

1.01 (0.98,1.04)

1.01 (0.98,1.04)

1.01 (0.97,1.05)

1.02 (0.98,1.07)

1.02 (0.98,1.06)

85 or more

0.92 (0.88,0.96)

0.92 (0.88,0.96)

0.89 (0.83,0.94)

0.91 (0.85,0.96)

0.89 (0.84,0.94)

 

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Carstairs quintiles (deprivation)

   

Least

Not in model

1.00

Not in model

1.00

1.00

Second

 

1.00 (0.95,1.05)

 

1.04 (0.97,1.12)

1.05 (0.97,1.13)

Mid

 

0.98 (0.92,1.05)

 

1.01 (0.93,1.10)

1.03 (0.94,1.13)

Fourth

 

0.95 (0.84,1.08)

 

0.98 (0.84,1.16)

0.99 (0.83,1.18)

Most

 

0.82 (0.73,0.93)

 

0.82 (0.72,0.94)

0.85 (0.70,1.05)

  

p = 0.011

 

p =< 0.001

p = 0.10

Population density category (people per sq km)

   

-250

Not in model

1.00

Not in model

1.00

1.00

-1000

 

0.91 (0.80,1.03)

 

0.99 (0.84,1.16)

0.99 (0.83,1.17)

-2500

 

0.99 (0.88,1.11)

 

1.08 (0.93,1.26)

1.10 (0.94,1.30)

>2500

 

1.04 (0.91,1.19)

 

1.13 (0.96,1.32)

1.14 (0.95,1.36)

  

p = 0.30

 

p = 0.36

p = 0.27

Individual socioeconomic position 4

   
 

Not in model

Not in model

Not in model

Not in model

 

A

    

1.00

B

    

0.94 (0.89,0.98)

C

    

1.03 (0.96,1.11)

     

p = 0.018

  1. 1. P-values for contribution of whole factor to the model; modified Wald test. Generalised estimating equations based on Poisson regression with robust standard errors calculated at the practice level. Models all factors shown. 2. Individual socioeconomic information was only available in a subset of the practices because of the nature of the interventions 3. There was one record per person per year of eligibility for inclusion in the vaccination analysis 4. A = owner occupier with central heating. B = three categories combined because very similar in uptake: owner-occupier without central heating, renter with central heating, renter without central heating; C = supported housing