Table 1 Study characteristics
Consultation sample | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Reference | Associated publications | Focus | Data collection methods | Analysis methods | No. | Paediatric or mixed | Illness | Location | Consultation participants | Study quality |
Elwyn 1999 [33] | [34] | Shared decision making in situations of conflict | Two case studies. Audio recorded consultations. | Discourse analysis | 2 | Paediatric | URTI | UK | 2 Children (2–8 yrs) 3 Parents 1 GP from 1 clinic | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess typicality. Transferability limited to similar cases. |
Stivers 2000 [35] | Communication practices used by parents and paediatricians | Convenience sample. 295 audio recorded & 65 video recorded consultations. 1996–1997. | Conversation analysis | 360 | Paediatric | RTI | USA | Children (2–10 yrs) Parents (Demographic data for 295: avg. age: 38 yrs; avg. edu: 16 yrs; 75% affluent households; 69% White; all English speakers) 14 Clinicians from 6 clinics | High credibility. Likely to be typical. Limited transferability to similar populations. | |
Rollnick 2001 [41] | Language, skills and strategies used in everyday URTI consultations | Audio recorded consultations. | Verbal ‘moves’ used by doctors identified. | 29 | Paediatric | URTI | UK | Children (<11 yrs) Parents 5 GPs from 1 clinic | Insufficient information to assess credibility, transferability and dependability. | |
Main 2001 [42] | Effects of family context on care and physician-patient communication | Purposive selection of clinics. Direct observation of consultations. 1996 & 1999 | Emerging patterns of physician-patient interaction were identified. | 37 | Mixed | Acute RTI | USA | Children (<16 yrs) Parents >50 Clinicians from >18 clinics | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability of these findings. | |
Barry 2001 [45] | Patient expectations, consultation behaviour and prescription | Purposive sample of clinicians. Audio recorded consultations & interviews with parents and clinicians. 1996–1998. | Conversation analysis | 35 | Mix | Mix | UK | 6 Children (<12 yrs) Parents 20 GPs from 20 clinics | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess typicality and transferability. | |
Tates 2002 [48] | Co-construction of roles and interaction | Video recorded. 3 time periods: 1975–78; 1988–89; 1993 | Conversation analysis | 106 | Paediatric | Mix | Netherlands | 106 Children (<12 yrs) 106 Parents (88 mothers) 58 Clinicians | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability. | |
Butler 2004 [51] | GPs’ current practice regarding prognosis | Convenience sample. Audio recorded consultations. | Prognosis communication extracted. | 59 | Paediatric | RTI | UK | Children (<11 yrs) Parents 9 GPs from 2 clinics | Insufficient information to assess credibility, typicality or transferability. | |
Roberts 2005 [52] | Method of theme oriented discourse analysis | Two case studies. Audio or video recorded consultations. | Discourse analysis | 2 | Mix | Mix | Not stated | 1 Child 1 Parent 1 Clinician | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability or typicality. | |
Nova 2005 [53] | Quality of the paediatric interaction. | Videos recorded consultations. 2003. | Discourse analysis | 10 | Paediatric | Mix | Italy | 10 Children (2–6 yrs) >6 Parents Clinicians (no information given) | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability or typicality. | |
Stivers 2005 [16] | Parent resistance to no antibiotic treatment | Cross-sectional sample. Video recorded consultations. 2000 & 2001. | Conversation analysis | 309 | Paediatric | URTI | USA | Children (6 m to 10 yrs) 543 Parents (avg. age: 34 yrs; 53% latino; 28% white; 12% African-American; 7% Asian; 16% high school not completed; 60% high school completed; 24% graduates) 38 Paediatricians from 27 clinics | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability or typicality. | |
Cahill 2007 [11] | Child participation in consultations | Purposive sample of practices. Video recorded consultations. 2004 & 2005 | Conversation analysis | 31 | Paediatric | Not stated | UK | 31 Children (6–12 yrs) Parents 16 GPs | High credibility. Limited transferability to similar populations is likely. | |
Butler 2009 [60] | How nurses deliver advice on telehealth line | Purposive selection of calls. Audio recorded. 2005 –2006. | Conversation analysis | 6 | Paediatric | Mix | Australia | 6 Children 6 Parents 12 Nurses | High credibility. Likely to be transferable to other similar interactions. | |
Ijas-Kallio 2011 [61] | Patients participation in diagnosis and treatment decision | Audio or video recorded consultations. 2005–2006. | Conversation analysis | 46 | Mix | RTI | Finland | 46 Children Parents 11 Clinicians from 9 clinics | High credibility. Insufficient information to assess transferability or typicality. | |