Patient factor | PHQ + ve, n (%) | PHQ-ve, n (%) | χ2 (df) | Multiple logistic regression (n = 7675)a |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wald χ2 (df)b/Adj. OR (95% CI) |  | ||||
Gender | Â | Â | 44.41 (1)** | 11.24 (1)** | 4.55 (1)* |
Male | 336 (32.4) | 3721 (43.2) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 702 (67.6) | 4897 (56.8) | Â | 1.36 (1.14 - 1.62) | 1.22 (1.02 - 1.46) |
Age group | Â | Â | 17.11 (2)** | 9.99 (2)** | 11.89 (2)** |
18-34Â yrs | 316 (31.1) | 2201 (26.0) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
35-54Â yrs | 371 (36.5) | 3045 (35.9) | Â | 0.95 (0.76 - 1.18) | 0.87 (0.70 - 1.09) |
55+ yrs | 329 (32.4) | 3232 (38.1) | Â | 0.63 (0.46 - 0.87) | 0.58 (0.42 - 0.80) |
Education | Â | Â | 0.45 (1) | 0.01 (1) | 0.09 (1) |
Secondary or above | 772 (75.0) | 6514 (75.9) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Primary or no formal education | 258 (25.0) | 2069 (24.1) | Â | 0.99 (0.78 - 1.25) | 1.04 (0.82 - 1.32) |
Marital status | Â | Â | 71.62 (1)** | 28.18 (1)** | 24.14 (1)** |
Married | 508 (49.3) | 5394 (62.9) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 523 (50.7) | 3188 (37.1) | Â | 1.62 (1.35 - 1.93) | 1.57 (1.31 - 1.88) |
Working Status | Â | Â | 83.98 (4)** | 32.09 (4)** | 22.70 (4)** |
Employed | 582 (57.6) | 5395 (63.5) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Unemployed | 48 (4.7) | 116 (1.4) | Â | 2.74 (1.79 - 4.18) | 2.31 (1.48 - 3.60) |
Retired | 201 (19.8) | 1833 (21.6) | Â | 0.97 (0.72 - 1.31) | 0.95 (0.70 - 1.29) |
House-maker | 129 (12.7) | 899 (10.6) | Â | 1.33 (1.01 - 1.75) | 1.30 (0.98 - 1.73) |
Student | 52 (5.1) | 248 (2.9) | Â | 1.70 (1.17 - 2.47) | 1.62 (1.11 - 2.37) |
Household monthly income | Â | Â | 75.00 (1)** | 28.93 (1)** | 27.23 (1)** |
More than HK$30,000 | 220 (24.6) | 2951 (39.4) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
HK30,000 or below | 676 (75.4) | 4539 (60.6) | Â | 1.66 (1.38 - 2.00) | 1.65 (1.37 - 2.00) |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.01 (1) | 1.08 (1) | 0.16 (1) |
Chinese | 1039 (96.3) | 8471 (96.3) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Non-Chinese | 40 (3.7) | 321 (3.7) | Â | 1.27 (0.81 - 1.98) | 1.10 (0.69 - 1.74) |
Smoking habit | Â | Â | 19.24 (1)** | 10.09 (1)** | 8.90 (1)** |
Non- or ex-smoker | 847 (82.6) | 7511 (87.4) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Current smoker | 179 (17.4) | 1079 (12.6) | Â | 1.44 (1.15 - 1.81) | 1.42 (1.13 - 1.79) |
Alcohol use | Â | Â | 0.18 (1) | 0.40 (1) | 0.26 (1) |
Less than once a week or never | 904 (87.9) | 7510 (87.4) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
More than once a week | 125 (12.1) | 1084 (12.6) | Â | 1.08 (0.85 - 1.39) | 1.07 (0.83 - 1.38) |
Regular exercise pattern | Â | Â | 57.12 (1)** | 29.46 (1)** | Â |
Yes | 647 (63.2) | 6361 (74.3) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No exercise at all | 377 (36.8) | 2204 (25.7) | Â | 1.58 (1.34 - 1.86) | 1.58 (1.33 - 1.86) |
Seen a doctor in past 4Â weeks | Â | Â | 94.67 (1)** | 41.12 (1)** | 30.88 (1)** |
No | 356 (33.0) | 4276 (48.7) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
More than once | 723 (67.0) | 4512 (51.3) | Â | 1.70 (1.45 - 2.00) | 1.60 (1.36 - 1.89) |
Seen a TCM practitioner in past 4Â weeks | Â | Â | 87.93 (1)** | 32.20 (1)** | 31.28 (1)** |
No | 751 (69.6) | 7176 (81.6) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
More than once | 328 (30.4) | 1615 (18.4) | Â | 1.70 (1.41 - 2.03) | 1.70 (1.41 - 2.05) |
Disease co-morbidity | Â | Â | 71.11 (2)** | 63.57 (2)** | 48.96 (2)** |
None | 437 (42.3) | 4319 (50.2) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
One | 223 (21.6) | 2207 (25.7) | Â | 1.25 (1.01 - 1.55) | 1.19 (0.96 - 1.48) |
Two or more | 374 (36.2) | 2071 (24.1) | Â | 2.45 (1.95 - 3.08) | 2.22 (1.76 - 2.80) |
Family history mental illness | Â | Â | 37.88 (1)** | 31.05 (1)** | 16.62 (1)** |
No | 869 (85.8) | 7716 (91.6) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 144 (14.2) | 704 (8.4) | Â | 1.89 (1.51 - 2.36) | 1.62 (1.28 - 2.04) |
Service sector | Â | Â | 8.37 (1)** | 2.49 (1) | Â |
Public | 318 (29.5) | 2232 (25.4) | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Private | 761 (70.5) | 6560 (74.6) | Â | 0.85 (0.70 - 1.04) | 0.85 (0.70 - 1.05) |
Self-reported depression history c | Â | Â | 420.70 (1)** | Â | 125.97 (1)** |
No | 795 (78.0) | 8104 (95.1) | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Yes | 224 (22.0) | 420 (4.9) | Â | Â | 4.10 (3.20 - 5.24) |
Self-reported other mental illness history c | Â | Â | 110.70 (1)** | Â | 4.82 (1)* |
No | 888 (91.1) | 8195 (97.4) | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Yes | 87 (8.9) | 219 (2.6) | Â | Â | 1.51 (1.05 - 2.17) |