Characteristic | N(%) | Self-efficacy | Social support | PPC | SDSCA | HbA1c | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | P value | M ± SD | P value | M ± SD | P value | M ± SD | P value | M ± SD | P value | |||
Family history of diabetes | ||||||||||||
Yes | 86(38.7) | 6.9 ± 1.5 | .990 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | .561 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | .266 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | .331 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | .456 | |
No | 136(61.3) | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | ||||||
Duration of diabetes(years) | ||||||||||||
~4 | 64(28.8) | 6.7 ± 1.4 | .382 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | .474 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | .018 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | .350 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | <.001 | |
5~ | 72(32.4) | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | ||||||
10~ | 56(25.2) | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 1.1 | ||||||
15~ | 30(13.5) | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | ||||||
Clinical symptoms | Yes | 96(43.2) | 6.8 ± 1.6 | .244 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | .612 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | .333 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | .803 | 6.8 ± 1.4 | .069 |
No | 126(56.8) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.1 | ||||||
Complications | Yes | 155(69.8) | 6.9 ± 1.5 | .509 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | .042 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | .012 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | .686 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | .885 |
No | 67(30.2) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | ||||||
BMI* | <24 | 91(41.0) | 7.1 ± 1.5 | .285 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | .062 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | .343 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | .485 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | .880 |
≥24 | 131(59.0) | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | ||||||
Central obesity# | No | 65(29.3) | 6.7 ± 1.6 | .137 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | .408 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | .990 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | .766 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | .002 |
Yes | 157(70.7) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.3 |