Economic evaluation of a lifestyle intervention in primary care to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and distribution of the joint cost-effect pairs in the cost-effectiveness plane

	Analysis^a	Sample size per group		ΔC (95% CI)	ΔE (95% CI)		Distribution in cost-effectiveness plane (%)
		Control	Intervention	Euros		ICER	NE^b	SE^c	SW^d	NW^e
T2DM risk ^f	Base case	300	305	−866 (-2372;370)	0.6 (-0.1;1.3)	-1416	0.6	4.1	85.9	9.4
T2DM risk ^f	Complete cases	117	105	−30 (-2171;1446)	0.7 (-0.4;1.7)	-44	5.1	4.4	45.0	45.5
	Health care perspective	300	305	−5 (-316;272)	0.6 (-0.1;1.3)	−8	2.2	2.4	47.5	47.9
CVD risk ^g	Base case	300	305	−866 (-2372;370)	−0.1 (-0.4;0.2)	6405	8.0	74.3	15.4	2.3
CVD risk ^g	Complete cases	116	104	−19 (-2253;1410)	−0.03 (-0.34;0.29)	642	29.5	27.8	21.3	21.5
	Health care perspective	300	305	−5 (-316;272)	−0.1 (-0.4;0.2)	38	40.1	42.4	8.0	9.5
QALY	Base case	300	305	−866 (-2372;370)	0.02 (-0.02;0.05)	-50,273	8.2	76.8	12.9	2.1
QALY	Complete cases	114	98	110 (-2004;1611)	0.02 (-0.02;0.06)	4770	46.4	40.6	4.2	8.7
	Health care perspective	300	305	−5 (-316;272)	0.02 (-0.02;0.05)	−298	40.7	44.7	5.0	9.6

ΔC = mean difference in total costs between the intervention group and control group in Euros adjusted to the year 2008; ΔE = mean difference in outcome; ICER is calculated as ΔC/ΔE. ICER, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio; NE, north-east; SE, south-east; SW, south-west; NW, north-west; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; QALY, Quality Adjusted Life Years.
^a The base case analysis and complete case analysis are based on the societal perspective. In the base case analysis and the analysis from the health care perspective missing data were multiply imputed. The complete cases analysis was restricted to participants with complete data on costs and the particular clinical outcome. ^b NE quadrant: the intervention is more effective and more costly than usual care. ^c SE quadrant: the intervention is more effective and less costly than usual care. ^d SW quadrant: the intervention is less effective and less costly than usual care. ^e NW quadrant: the intervention is less effective and more costly than usual care. ^f The at the age of 60 anticipated risk for developing T2DM in the following 9 years . ^g The at the age of sixty anticipated risk of CVD mortality in the following 10 years.

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