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Table 1 Barriers and facilitators to collaboration

From: Views and experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners with collaborative practice in primary health care – an integrative review

Factors impacting on collaboration

Frequency*

Clarity of NP role & scope of practice

15

NPs take over workload from MPs

11

Confidence in each other’s competence

11

Complementary skills and practice ideology

9

Knowing the NP/MP & good working relationship

9

Reciprocity (including the absence of hierarchy & control)

9

Clear legal liability

8

Effective communication (including the use of technologies)

8

Financial support for NP role

7

Mutual trust & respect

7

Support from MPs

6

Shared responsibility

6

High level of NP autonomy

5

Working in close physical proximity

4

Regular meetings & time to collaborate

3

Positive attitude towards collaboration

3

Official recognition of NP role

3

Collaboration develops and improves over time

2

MPs’ concern of becoming deskilled (barrier only)

1

MPs feel threatened by NPs (barrier only)

1

  1. *Data were extracted from qualitative, survey and mixed-methods studies. The frequency refers to the number of times each barrier and facilitator was found in 18 studies.