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Table 3 The effects of the lifestyle intervention compared with the control condition at months 7-12 of follow-up.

From: Effect of lifestyle intervention for people with diabetes or prediabetes in real-world primary care: propensity score analysis

Outcome variables

Means in

Intervention

group (SD)

Means in

Control

group (SD)

n Matched

Intervention†

Adjusted effect of

Intervention

(95% CI)‡

Adjusted

P-value

BMI (kg/m2)

  

134

  

Baseline

30.36 (4.93)

29.54 (5.08)

   

7-12 months

30.29 (5.08)

29.51 (5.18)

 

0.27 (-0.60 to 1.14)

0.56

Exercise level (1-4)*

  

107

  

Baseline

2.48 (0.60)

2.48 (0.71)

   

7-12 months

2.22 (0.86)

2.27 (0.81)

 

-0.14 (-0.27 to 0.01)

0.12

Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

  

170

  

Baseline

7.21 (1.36)

7.28 (2.05)

   

7-12 months

7.07 (1.25)

7.17 (1.67)

 

0.08 (-0.11 to 0.26)

0.48

HbA1c (%)

  

94

  

Baseline

6.73 (0.92)

6.66 (0.97)

   

7-12 months

6.72 (0.83)

6.74 (0.90)

 

-0.10 (-0.23 to 0.03)

0.26

Blood pressure

     

Systolic (mmHg)

  

166

  

Baseline

138.98 (16.64)

143.68 (17.41)

   

7-12 months

139.47 (16.55)

142.58 (17.47)

 

-1.49 (-4.04 to 1.05)

0.73

Diastolic (mmHg)

  

165

  

Baseline

79.88 (8.31)

79.39 (8.79)

   

7-12 months

78.71 (8.18)

78.53 (9.20)

 

-0.58 (-1.82 to 0.66)

0.40

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

  

97

  

Baseline

4.54 (0.94)

4.56 (1.00)

   

7-12 months

4.56 (1.12)

4.52 (1.01)

 

-0.02 (-0.18 to 0.14)

0.87

LDL (mmol/l)

  

97

  

Baseline

2.80 (0.76)

2.85 (1.04)

   

7-12 months

2.74 (0.92)

2.72 (0.85)

 

0.10 (-0.04 to 0.23)

0.34

HDL (mmol/l)

  

97

  

Baseline

1.16 (0.29)

1.16 (0.28)

   

7-12 months

1.18 (0.28)

1.18 (0.29)

 

0.00 (-0.05 to 0.05)

0.96

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

  

97

  

Baseline

1.73 (0.98)

1.63 (0.95)

   

7-12 months

1.83 (0.95)

1.76 (1.48)

 

-0.20 (-0.37 to 0.03)

0.11

  1. † Number of patients from the intervention group matched with patients in the control group. The numbers for this analysis are lower due to the fact that we did not have the necessary data for all participants in this shorter time frame.
  2. ‡ The adjusted effect of the intervention after the matching procedure.
  3. * Exercise level: 1 = sedentary lifestyle; 2 = activities of daily living; 3 = exercising at least half an hour for five or more days a week (NNGB); 4 = more active than NNGB.