Skip to main content

Table 2 Developments in primary outcome measures during the study according to baseline variables

From: Fitness consultations in routine care of patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice: an 18-month non-randomised intervention study

   

VO2max

(ml/kg/min)

Arm curl test

(times per 30 sec)

Chair stand test

(times per 30 sec)

Haemoglobin A1c

(%)

HDL-cholesterol

(mmol/l)

  

n

Δ

SE

%

p a

Δ

SE

%

p a

Δ

SE

%

p a

Δ

SE

%

p a

Δ

SE

%

p a

Total

 

127

0.46

0.20

2.5

0.032

5.9

0.30

33.2

< 0.0001

5.1

0.31

34.1

< 0.0001

0.020

0.066

0.3

0.57

0.11

0.02

8.6

< 0.0001

Sex

Male

73

0.58

0.26

2.9

*

6.3

0.40

34.2

 

5.6

0.40

36.4

 

-0.069

0.088

-1.0

 

0.09

0.03

7.0

 
 

Female

54

0.34

0.31

2.0

 

5.3

0.46

31.8

 

4.4

0.47

31.0

 

0.129

0.098

1.8

 

0.14

0.03

10.2

 

Age

≤ 67 years

63

0.58

0.26

2.7

*

7.0

0.42

37.9

*

6.0

0.41

37.9

*

0.042

0.092

0.6

 

0.10

0.03

8.1

 
 

> 67 years

64

0.32

0.31

2.0

 

4.7

0.43

27.8

 

4.1

0.45

29.2

 

-0.002

0.096

-0.0

 

0.13

0.03

9.3

 

Diabetes duration

≤ 1 year

31

0.16

0.37

0.8

 

7.0

0.60

38.4

 

6.8

0.58

45.2

*

-0.066

0.130

-1.0

 

0.14

0.04

10.0

 
 

> 1 year

96

0.58

0.23

3.2

 

5.5

0.35

31.2

 

4.5

0.36

30.0

 

0.049

0.077

0.7

 

0.11

0.03

8.1

 

School education

Further

88

0.56

0.23

2.9

 

6.1

0.36

33.3

 

4.9

0.36

31.4

 

0.079

0.078

1.1

 

0.08

0.03

6.2

 
 

Basic

39

0.21

0.38

1.2

 

5.3

0.57

32.6

 

5.7

0.58

42.0

 

-0.128

0.123

-1.8

 

0.19

0.04

14.8

 

Marital status

Single

29

-0.37

0.49

-2.3

 

3.9

0.68

23.0

 

3.4

0.71

24.2

*

0.168

0.153

2.3

 

0.14

0.05

10.7

 
 

Co-habiting

98

0.62

0.22

3.2

 

6.4

0.34

35.4

 

5.5

0.34

36.4

 

-0.013

0.073

-0.2

 

0.11

0.02

8.2

 

BMI

< 29.62 kg/m2

64

0.48

0.28

2.5

 

5.9

0.43

31.9

 

5.6

0.43

36.7

 

0.009

0.094

0.1

 

0.14

0.03

10.2

*

 

≥ 29.62 kg/m2

63

0.44

0.29

2.4

 

5.9

0.43

34.7

 

4.5

0.44

31.2

 

0.030

0.093

0.4

 

0.09

0.03

6.9

 

Waist circum-ference

< ♂/♀ median

60

0.84

0.27

4.3

 

5.9

0.44

32.0

 

5.6

0.43

36.6

 

-0.001

0.096

-0.0

 

0.10

0.03

7.4

 
 

≥ ♂/♀ median

67

0.04

0.29

0.2

 

5.9

0.43

34.3

 

4.6

0.44

31.4

 

0.039

0.092

0.5

 

0.12

0.03

9.8

 

Systolic pressure

≤ 130 mmHg

50

0.48

0.32

2.6

 

5.6

0.50

31.2

 

3.9

0.50

25.9

 

0.137

0.109

1.9

 

0.11

0.04

8.5

 
 

> 130 mmHg

75

0.51

0.26

2.7

 

6.3

0.39

35.5

 

6.0

0.40

40.0

 

-0.050

0.086

-0.7

 

0.12

0.03

8.8

 

Diastolic pressure

≤ 80 mmHg

89

0.27

0.25

1.5

 

5.9

0.37

32.9

 

5.0

0.38

33.4

 

0.063

0.081

0.9

 

0.12

0.03

9.0

 
 

> 80 mmHg

36

0.93

0.35

4.9

 

6.2

0.54

36.3

 

5.6

0.55

36.9

 

-0.070

0.121

-1.0

 

0.10

0.04

8.2

 

Antihypertensive

medi-cation

No

36

1.07

0.35

5.4

 

7.3

0.57

40.6

 

6.1

0.58

40.1

 

0.128

0.127

1.9

 

0.16

0.04

12.1

 
 

Yes

91

0.17

0.24

0.9

 

5.3

0.36

30.2

 

4.7

0.36

31.7

 

-0.019

0.077

-0.3

 

0.10

0.03

7.3

 

Albumin/

creatinine ratio

≤ 3.5

97

0.58

0.22

3.1

 

6.7

0.34

38.1

*

5.8

0.35

39.1

*

0.033

0.075

0.5

*

0.12

0.02

8.7

 
 

> 3.5

30

-0.05

0.45

-0.3

 

3.4

0.60

18.5

 

2.9

0.61

19.5

 

-0.036

0.134

-0.5

 

0.10

0.04

8.2

 

Fasting plasma

glucose

≤ 7 mmol/l

38

0.21

0.36

1.1

 

6.6

0.54

37.0

 

6.1

0.55

42.3

 

0.064

0.119

1.0

*

0.11

0.04

7.9

 
 

> 7 mmol/l

89

0.58

0.24

3.2

 

5.6

0.37

31.5

 

4.6

0.37

30.5

 

-0.005

0.079

-0.1

 

0.11

0.03

8.9

 

Diabetes

treatment

Diet alone

37

0.42

0.36

2.2

 

7.0

0.57

38.8

 

6.7

0.55

44.8

*

0.128

0.126

2.0

 

0.16

0.04

11.3

 
 

Oral agents

70

0.73

0.27

3.9

 

5.9

0.40

33.7

 

5.0

0.41

32.9

 

-0.016

0.089

-0.2

 

0.11

0.03

8.5

 
 

Insulin

20

-0.31

0.54

-1.7

 

3.9

0.75

21.8

 

2.4

0.78

16.9

 

-0.041

0.159

-0.6

 

0.06

0.05

4.5

 

Statin treatmentb

None

38

1.36

0.36

7.5

 

6.3

0.56

36.1

 

5.3

0.57

37.8

 

0.192

0.120

2.7

 

0.18

0.04

13.3

 
 

Un-changed

78

0.16

0.26

0.9

 

5.9

0.39

33.0

 

5.0

0.40

33.0

 

-0.061

0.086

-0.9

 

0.08

0.03

5.8

 
 

Initiated

11

-0.33

0.62

-1.7

 

4.8

0.92

26.5

 

5.0

0.91

31.2

 

-0.043

0.204

-0.6

 

0.13

0.07

9.7

 

Smoking

No

99

0.45

0.21

2.3

 

5.9

0.33

33.2

 

5.2

0.34

33.9

 

0.115

0.072

1.6

*

0.09

0.02

6.7

 
 

Yes

28

0.55

0.54

3.1

 

5.6

0.72

32.6

 

4.9

0.77

35.0

 

-0.454

0.157

-6.3

 

0.24

0.05

18.5

 

Pain with function

limitation

No

53

1.53

0.32

7.9

*

6.0

0.49

32.4

 

5.7

0.48

37.7

 

-0.006

0.108

-0.1

 

0.17

0.03

12.2

 
 

Yes

74

-0.15

0.25

-0.8

 

5.9

0.39

34.1

 

4.7

0.40

32.0

 

0.036

0.084

0.5

 

0.08

0.03

6.5

 

Cardiovascular

disease

No

66

1.03

0.23

5.2

*

6.0

0.39

33.3

 

5.5

0.38

35.2

 

0.012

0.084

0.2

 

0.12

0.02

8.9

 
 

Yes

45

-0.77

0.37

-4.3

 

5.7

0.54

32.6

 

4.1

0.55

29.4

 

-0.082

0.118

-1.1

 

0.05

0.03

3.8

 
  1. n is number of patients. Δ is a measure of absolute increase defined as the difference between the (subgroup-specific) modelled baseline and the 18-month examination outcome. The corresponding increase, relative to the modelled baseline examination outcome, is indicated under %. a Differences between subgroups are assessed by a Wald test for the time-subgroup interaction. To account for multiple testing, the tests that remained significant after controlling for the false discovery rate at 5% are indicated with a *. b Indicates whether patients had unchanged statin treatment during the study or stated statin treatment during the study.
Back to article page

BMC Primary Care

ISSN: 2731-4553

Contact us