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Table 3 Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity, using a bivariate random effects model (103)

From: Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs

SYMPTOM

No. of studies

No. of Patient

Sensitivity

(95% CI)

Variance Logit (sensitivity)

Specificity

(95% CI)

Variance Logit (specificity)

Dysuria a

12

2845

0.79

(0.72-0.85)

0.39

0.39

(0.31-0.49)

0.40

Frequency b

11

2246

0.88

(0.82-0.92)

0.43

0.21

(0.14-0.31)

0.64

Back pain c

4

635

0.38

(0.26-0.52)

0.22

0.57

(0.40-0.73)

0.43

Fever d

6

926

0.12

(0.05-0.26)

1.15

0.91

(0.80-0.97)

1.16

Flank pain e

4

783

0.29

(0.18-0.43)

0.31

0.65

(0.59-0.70)

0.01

Hematuria

6

854

0.22

(0.18-0.27)

0.02

0.87

(0.81-0.91)

0.11

Lower abdominal pain f

5

914

0.44

(0.26-0.64)

0.78

0.58

(0.37-0.77)

0.86

Nocturia

5

1492

0.59

(0.48-0.70)

0.22

0.57

(0.51-0.62)

0.04

Urgency g

7

1739

0.62

(0.46-0.76)

0.72

0.51

(0.35-0.68)

0.78

  1. a One study reported dysuria as painful voiding (Medina-Bombardo 2003)
  2. b Two studies reported frequency/dysuria (Dans&Klaus, Wigton: training and validation set)
  3. c One study reported back pain as 'back or groin pain' (O'Brien)
  4. d One study reported fever as pyrexia (Lawson 1973)
  5. e One study reported flank pain as loin pain (Lawson 1973)
  6. f Different definitions were used: 'Suprapubic pain' (Hummer-Pradier 2005), Suprapubic pressure' (Baerheim), 'abdominal pain' (Fahey 2003)
  7. a One study reported urgency as urgency/frequency (Hummers-Pradier 2005)