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Table 2 Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity using a bivariate random effects model (102)

From: Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs

SYMPTOM

No. of studies

No. of Patient

Sensitivity

(95% CI)

Variance Logit (sensitivity)

Specificity

(95% CI)

Variance Logit (specificity)

Dysuria a

14

3407

0.80

(0.74-0.86)

0.40

0.38

(0.31-0.46)

0.33

Frequency b

13

2807

0.88

(0.83-0.92)

0.41

0.20

(0.14-0.28)

0.58

Back pain c

4

635

0.38

(0.26-0.52)

0.22

0.57

(0.40-0.73)

0.43

Fever d

7

1250

0.10

(0.04-0.21)

1.19

0.92

(0.83-0.97)

1.07

Flank pain e

6

1340

0.26

(0.19-0.35)

0.21

0.69

(0.64-0.74)

0.04

Hematuria

7

1078

0.25

(0.21-0.29)

0.01

0.85

(0.81-0.89)

0.05

Lower abdominal pain f

7

1470

0.50

(0.34-0.66)

0.75

0.50

(0.34-0.66)

0.72

Nocturia

6

1720

0.59

(0.50-0.68)

0.17

0.55

(0.49-0.61)

0.06

Urgency g

9

2298

0.67

(0.52-0.80)

0.95

0.45

(0.31-0.60)

0.79

Vaginal discharge

6

1261

0.15

(0.08-0.26)

0.65

0.77

(0.62-0.88)

0.75

  1. a Three studies reported dysuria as painful voiding (McIsaac 2002, McIsaac 2007, Medina-Bombardo 2003)
  2. b One study reported frequency as frequency/dysuria (Dans&Klaus)
  3. c One study reported back pain as 'back or groin pain' (O'Brien)
  4. d One study reported fever as pyrexia (Lawson 1973)
  5. e One study reported flank pain as loin pain (Lawson 1973)
  6. f Different definitions were used: 'Suprapubic pain' (Hummer-Pradier 2005), Suprapubic pressure' (Baerheim), 'abdominal pain' (Fahey 2003)
  7. g One study reported urgency as urgency/frequency (Hummers-Pradier 2005)