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Table 2 Depressive symptoms by patient characteristics separately for males and females

From: The association between intimate partner violence, alcohol and depression in family practice

Males (N = 2491)

 

n

Mean

(SD)

Diff

(95% CI)

P-value

Ever afraid of partner

      

   Not ever afraid

2185

8.88

(9.28)

Ref

  

   Ever afraid of partner

179

18.23

(12.61)

9.17

(7.66, 10.69)

< 0.001

Hazardous drinking

      

   No

1841

9.09

(9.62)

Ref

  

   Yes

620

11.52

(11.02)

2.51

(1.58, 3.45)

< 0.001

Current smoker

      

   No

2051

8.73

(8.98)

Ref

  

   Yes

430

14.73

(13.14)

5.84

(4.78, 6.89)

< 0.001

Marital status

      

   Never married/single

423

13.16

(11.92)

  

< 0.001

   Widowed/divorced/separated

321

14.09

(12.42)

0.89

(-0.59, 2.37)

 

   Married

1729

8.1

(8.55)

-5.03

(-6.13, -3.94)

 

Sexuality

      

   Exclusively heterosexual

2240

9.4

(9.90)

Ref

  

   Not exclusively heterosexual

147

12.76

(11.12)

3.07

(1.26, 4.88)

0.001

Live alone

      

   No

2171

9.03

(9.41)

Ref

  

   Yes

314

14.74

(12.76)

5.67

(4.45, 6.89)

< 0.001

Long term illness/health

problem or disability

      

   No

1405

7.08

(7.52)

Ref

  

   Yes

1021

13.62

(11.90)

6.57

(5.76, 7.38)

< 0.001

Health rating

      

   Excellent

205

4.9

(6.05)

Ref

 

< 0.001

   Very good

808

5.84

(6.32)

0.94

(-0.49, 2.37)

 

   Good

962

9.86

(9.17)

4.89

(3.48, 6.30)

 

   Fair

397

16.58

(12.18)

11.71

(10.13, 13.28)

 

   Poor

92

23.64

(13.46)

18.66

(16.35, 20.96)

 

Females (N = 4991)

 

n

Mean

(SD)

Diff

(95% CI)

P-value

Ever afraid of partner

      

   Not ever afraid

3845

9.44

(9.40)

Ref

  

   Ever afraid of partner

1022

16.19

(12.52)

6.67

(5.99, 7.36)

< 0.001

Hazardous drinking

      

   No

4364

10.41

(10.27)

Ref

  

   Yes

608

14.38

(11.65)

3.93

(3.05, 4.80)

< 0.001

Current smoker

      

   No

4043

9.98

(9.82)

Ref

  

   Yes

926

14.78

(12.33)

4.74

(4.01, 5.47)

< 0.001

Marital status

      

   Never married/single

911

13.61

(11.50)

  

< 0.001

   Widowed/divorced/separated

991

13.15

(12.23)

-0.48

(-1.40, 0.43)

 

   Married

3040

9.36

(9.27)

-4.22

(-4.97, -3.46)

 

Sexuality

      

   Exclusively heterosexual

4563

10.53

(10.33)

Ref

  

   Not exclusively heterosexual

207

15.99

(12.03)

5.41

(3.98, 6.84)

< 0.001

Live alone

      

   No

4304

10.66

(10.32)

Ref

  

   Yes

682

12.44

(11.65)

1.85

(1.02, 2.68)

< 0.001

Long term illness/health

problem or disability

      

   No

3552

9.5

(9.53)

Ref

  

   Yes

1336

14.42

(12.08)

4.93

(4.30, 5.57)

< 0.001

Health rating

      

   Excellent

557

5.58

(7.05)

Ref

 

< 0.001

   Very good

1969

7.99

(8.11)

2.47

(1.59, 3.35)

 

   Good

1677

12.51

(10.33)

6.96

(6.06, 7.86)

 

   Fair

612

17.61

(12.36)

12.08

(11.01, 13.15)

 

   Poor

114

26.1

(14.71)

20.48

(18.60, 22.37)

 
  1. Ref = reference category for patient characteristics
  2. SD = Standard deviation
  3. Difference in mean depressive symptoms (Diff), respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values calculated using mixed effects linear regression using restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML), treating GP practice as a random effect
  4. Analysis reported separately for males and females when p-value for interaction was 10% or greater in Table 1