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Table 3 Subjective variables.

From: Predictors of stable return-to-work in non-acute, non-specific spinal pain: low total prior sick-listing, high self prediction and young age. A two-year prospective cohort study

   

Prediction for Stable return-to-work

   

6 months

12 months

18 months

24 months

 

Class limits

n

OR

p

95%CI

OR

p

95%CI

OR

p

95%CI

OR

p

95%CI

Pain just now (VAS 1-100)[25]

70-100

41

Ref.

           
 

48-69

43

2.4

.09

.9-6.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

0-47

40

1.5

NS

.5-4.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pain at worst last week[25]

81-100

42

Ref.

           
 

68-80

43

2.5

.09

.9-6.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

0-67

39

1.4

NS

.5-4.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Intermittent pain[15]1

-

39

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.3

.04

1.0-5.4

-

-

-

Non-radiating pain[17]2

-

32

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Local pain[25]3

-

24

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Back-pain domination[32]4

-

86

9.0

.004

2.0-40.2

2.5

.05

1.0-6.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

Time since start of NSP (years)[27]

> 5

53

      

Ref.

  

Ref.

  
 

1.5-5

34

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.9

.03

1.1-7.4

2.2

.09

.9-5.5

 

< 1.5

37

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.5

NS

.6-3.6

1.1

NS

.5-2.7

No surgery f. b/n pain[50]5

-

116

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

No anxiety/depression[15]6

-

26

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tired seldom[67]7

-

59

3.1

.01

1.3-7.6

-

-

-

1.9

.09

.9-4.2

-

-

-

No comorbidity[68]8

-

79

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-severe functional impairment (ODI)9

-

78

2.1

.09

.9-4.9

2.9

.01

1.3-6.8

2.5

.02

1.2-5.4

-

-

-

Health-related

0-.359

42

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

     

quality of life

.360-.629

46

2.8

.06

1.0-8.3

2.1

NS

.8-5.4

2.1

NS

.8-5.1

-

-

-

(EQ-5D)[21]

.630-1.0

36

2.9

.06

.9-8.9

2.6

.06

1.0-7.1

3.0

.03

1.1-7.9

-

-

-

State of health (EQ-VAS)[21]

0-35

44

Ref.

  

.

  

Ref.

     
 

36-49

33

2.2

NS

.7-7.0

-

-

-

2.0

NS

.7-5.4

-

-

-

 

50-100

47

3.6

.02

1.3-10.3

-

-

-

3.1

.01

1.3-7.7

-

-

-

Non-catastrophizing[70]10

-

67

2.2

.08

.9-5.1

-

-

-

3.6

.002

1.6-8.0

2.3

.04

1.1-4.9

High self prediction[14]

-

95

4.2

.03

1.2-15.2

6.4

.002

1.9-21.0

4.4

.005

1.5-12.4

3.8

.008

1.4-10.2

  1. 1 Reference: Continual pain = pain whenever awake (n = 95).
  2. 2 Reference: Radiating pain = radiation of pain/numbness to the leg beneath the knee and/or the arm beneath the elbow (n = 92).
  3. 3 Pain in the back or the neck. Reference: Widespread pain = pain in both the back and the neck (n = 100).
  4. 4 Reference: Neck-pain domination (n = 38).
  5. 5 Reference: Surgery for back and/or neck pain at least once (for example, for a slipped disc) (n = 8).
  6. 6 Item 5 in EQ-5 D[20], alternative 1 = "I am not anxious or depressed". Reference: alternative 2: "... moderately..." or 3: "... extremely...".
  7. 7 One item from SF 36[67]: "Tired during the last four weeks: 'some of the time', 'a little bit of the time' or 'none of the time'". Reference: Tired often = 'all of the time', 'most of the time' or 'a good bit of the time'.
  8. 8 Reference: Comorbidity = any other, chronic disease except NSP or obesity (n = 45).
  9. 9 ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) scores general functional disability associated with back pain, 0-100%: 0-20% = minimal, 21-40% = moderate, 41-60% = severe, 61-100% = extremely severe to crippling disability[38]. Reference: Non-severe functional impairment = ODI < 41%[69]
  10. 10 Six catastrophizing thoughts, never-always, 0-6, are summarized, 0-36. Non-catastrophizing ≥ 15. Reference: Catastrophizing > 15 (n = 39).
  11. Further explanations in Table 1.