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Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression analyses of GP-characteristics, practice characteristics, patient characteristics and indicator characteristics on adherence to guidelines

From: Labour intensity of guidelines may have a greater effect on adherence than GPs' workload

 

Model 0

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

 

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

Constant

1.893

1.893

1.893

1.066

0.657

0.654

GP- characteristics

      

Age

  

1.001

1.002

1.004

1.004

Female GP (ref = male)

  

1.007

1.021

1.022

1.024

List size

  

0.952

0.953

0.952

0.947

Workload

 

1.001

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

Hours of CME per week

   

0.996

0.996

0.996

Satisfaction with available time (1-5)

    

0.954*

0.954*

Practice and population characteristics

      

Proportion of elderly 75+

  

1.024**

1.024**

1.044**

1.045**

Proportion of publicly insured

  

1.004

1.004

1.007*

1.007*

Proportion of ethnic minorities (Nat. Logarithm)

  

1.035

1.035

1.067*

1.068*

Proportion of self-rated health poor

  

0.985*

0.986

0.972**

0.972**

Practice type (ref = single-handed)

      

   Dual

  

1.025

1.016

1.027

1.031

   Group

  

1.037

1.015

1.008

1.006

   Health centre

  

1.024

1.010

1.030

1.033

Urbanization (ref = very urban)

      

   Urban

  

1.050

1.053

1.017

1.020

   Moderately urban

  

1.102

1.114

1.110

1.111

   Rural

  

1.008

1.006

0.992

0.999

   Very rural

  

1.062

1.075

1.106

1.119

   Dispensing practice

  

0.999

0.984

0.933

0.931

Patient characteristics

      

Age

  

1.001**

1.001**

1.002**

1.002**

Female (ref = male)

  

1.043**

1.043**

1.069**

1.069**

Publ. Insured

  

1.016

1.015

1.020

1.020

Self-rated health poor

  

0.967**

0.967**

0.956**

0.956**

Self-rated health unknown

  

0.962*

0.962*

0.941*

0.941*

Non-western migrant (ref = western)

  

0.979

0.979

0.956

0.955

Ethnicity unknown

  

1.030

1.030

1.050*

1.050*

GAI-characteristics

      

Short-term time investment (ref = equal)

      

   Greater

    

0.458**

0.461**

   Smaller

    

1.547**

1.550**

Long-term time investment (ref = equal)

      

   Greater

    

2.104**

2.104**

   Smaller

    

3.133**

3.155**

About referrals (ref = prescriptions and other)

    

15.333**

15.348**

Interaction workload* time investment short greater

     

0.999

Interaction workload* time investment short smaller

     

1.000

Interaction workload* time investment long greater

     

1.000

Interaction workload* time investment long smaller

     

0.999

Variance components

      

Practice level

0.002

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.00

0.000

Reduction [1]

 

50%

100%

100%

100%

100%

GP-level

0.005

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.007

0.007

Reduction [1]

 

32.3%

32.3%

40.2%

0%

0%

Patient level

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.285

0.287

Reduction [1]

      

GAI level

1.965

1.889

1.970

1.971

1.516

1.519

Reduction [1]

 

4%

0%

0%

22.8%

22.8%

  1. OR = exp-b (odds ratio); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005