|  | Yes | Total | Univariate | Multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Num | % | Num | OR [95%CI] | OR [95%CI] |
GP Characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Gender | Male | 867 | 79.7 | 1,088 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Female | 408 | 79.1 | 516 | 0.96 [0.74,1.25] | 1.49 [1.08,2.05] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.016 |
   Age group | < 50 years | 604 | 74.3 | 813 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | ≥ 50 years | 660 | 85.1 | 776 | 1.97 [1.53,2.54] | 1.71 [1.27,2.31] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.002 |
   Full-time principal | Yes | 1,038 | 81.4 | 1,275 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | No | 225 | 71.9 | 313 | 0.58 [0.44,0.78] | 0.57 [0.41,0.81] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.006 |
   Length of Practice 1 | ≤ 10 years | 235 | 70.6 | 333 | 1 | 1 |
 | 11–20 years | 366 | 75.9 | 482 | 1.32 [0.96,1.80] | 1.45 [1.02,2.07] |
 | 21–30 years | 406 | 85.5 | 475 | 2.45 [1.73,3.47] | 2.39 [1.60,3.56] |
 | ≥ 30 years | 248 | 86.1 | 288 | 2.59 [1.72,3.89] | 2.51 [1.57,4.03] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
Special interest in: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Research | No | 1,251 | 80.2 | 1,559 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 24 | 53.3 | 45 | 0.28 [0.15,0.51] | 0.39 [0.20,0.77] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.008 |
   Cancer detection | No | 1,166 | 78.3 | 1,489 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 109 | 94.8 | 115 | 5.03 [2.19,11.55] | 3.61 [1.48,8.85] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.001 |
Practice characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Occupational Health Assessments | No | 342 | 72.6 | 471 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 907 | 82.6 | 1,068 | 1.79 [1.39,2.31] | 1.68 [1.27,2.22] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.001 |
   Actively involved in GP teaching | No | 865 | 82.5 | 1,049 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 392 | 73.4 | 534 | 0.59 [0.46,0.75] | 0.61 [0.46,0.80] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.002 |
   Run'Well man' clinic/appointments | No | 541 | 75.2 | 1,311 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 721 | 83.4 | 278 | 1.91 [1.31,2.77] | 1.59 [1.06,2.39] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.064 |
   Have a policy on PSA testing | No | 865 | 75.2 | 719 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 392 | 83.4 | 865 | 1.67 [1.31,2.13] | 1.45 [1.11,1.90] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.007 |
Knowledge | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   PPV PSA level | < 30% | 472 | 71.6 | 659 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Overestimated (> 30%) | 743 | 84.5 | 879 | 2.16 [1.68,2.78] | 2.02 [1.55,2.63] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   PPV PSA&DRE | < 50% | 310 | 69.8 | 444 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Overestimated (> 50%) | 912 | 83.0 | 1,099 | 2.11 [1.63,2.72] | 2.06 [1.56,2.73] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
Clinical Practice | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Refer 55 yr man at PSA level | ≤ 7 ng/ml | 803 | 82.9 | 969 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | ≥ 7 ng/ml | 332 | 74.9 | 443 | 0.62 [0.47,0.81] | 0.60 [0.45,0.81] |
 | Lab reference range | 129 | 73.7 | 175 | 0.58 [0.40,0.84] | 0.61 [0.40,0.93] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p = 0.002 |
   Frequency of PSA testing: Annually or less | Yes | 457 | 94.2 | 485 | 6.01 [4.01,9.01] | 5.54 [3.64,8.45] |
 | No | 793 | 73.1 | 1,085 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   Perform other routine tests with PSA | No | 764 | 85.6 | 893 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 505 | 71.6 | 705 | 2.35 [1.83,3.01] | 1.97 [1.51,2.57] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   Inform patient prior to testing | Frequently | 1,193 | 81.9 | 1,457 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Sometimes | 69 | 68.3 | 101 | 0.48 [0.31,0.74] | 0.53 [0.31,0.89] |
 | Rarely/Never | 9 | 27.3 | 33 | 0.08 [0.04,0.18] | 0.09 [0.04,0.23] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   Had an asymptomatic man diagnosed with PCa via |  | |||||
   PSA testing | No | 338 | 64.4 | 525 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 923 | 87.0 | 1,061 | 3.70 [2.87,4.76] | 3.31 [2.51,4.37] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   Practice changed post PSA-detected PCa 2 | No | 265 | 78.6 | 337 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 558 | 91.5 | 610 | 2.92 [1.98,4.29] | 2.78 [1.81,4.25] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
   Consider having a PSA test yourself 3 | No | 48 | 37.8 | 127 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 807 | 85.7 | 942 | 9.80 [6.56,14.65] | 8.25 [5.26,12.93] |
 |  |  |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |